OBJECTIVES Government reports on violence in developing countries are almost universally based upon police data, which are typically incomplete and unreliable. Violence in Karachi was evaluated using ambulance service, not police, records. SETTING Karachi, Pakistan. METHODOLOGY The study was based on a case series of persons suffering from intentional injuries and transported by Edhi, the l...

This research explores the relationship between cultural demography and Islamist violence in Africa in a cross-national time series study. It argues that while religious demography can explain some aspects of Islamist violence, these explanations have to date been privileged over analyses which take into account the way institutional and political relations of the state incentivize and de-incen...

Political violence is an everyday occurence in many weakly institutionalized polities. This paper o¤ers a uni…ed approach for studying political violence whether it emerges as repression or civil con‡ict. We formulate a model where an incumbent or opposition can choose to use violence as a means of acquiring or maintaining power. We study the institutional and economic factors that determine th...

This paper presents new theory and evidence on the link between intergroup violence and altruism in diverse post-conflict context. Theory from political science and psychology predicts that intergroup conflict causes ingroup solidarity and outgroup aggression that may persist after conflict’s end. In contrast, we argue that empathy born from violence can cause greater ingroup and outgroup altru...

The phenomenon of the organizational violence is extent and complex; this is due to the multiplicity of factors and of elements of individual, economic, social and political order that there take place. This work approaches initially the problem of the violence in general then to try to specify the problem of the work violence. Today this one is a wide field of investigation nevertheless in Col...

This article attempts to summarize the situations of gender-based violence, a major public health issue. Due to the unequal power relations between men and women, women are violated either in family, in the community or in the State. Gender-based violence takes different forms like physical, sexual or psychological/ emotional violence. The causes of gender-based violence are multidimensional in...

We examine the role of family- and individual-level protective factors in the relation between exposure to ethnic-political conflict and violence and posttraumatic stress among Israeli and Palestinian youth. Specifically, we examine whether parental mental health (lack of depression), positive parenting, children's self-esteem, and academic achievement moderate the relation between exposure to ...

We examine cumulative and prospective effects of exposure to conflict and violence across four contexts (ethnic-political, community, family, school) on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms in Palestinian and Israeli youth. Interviews were conducted with 600 Palestinian and 901 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) children (ages 8, 11, and 14) and their parents once a year for 3 consecutive years. Palestin...

Recent research on violence against civilians during wars has emphasized warrelated factors over political ones. For example, factors such as control of territory or characteristics of the armed groups have been prioritized at the expense of factors such as ideological alignments or local political competition. In this paper, I argue that the emphasis on war-related factors is conditioned by th...

The tumultuous and frustrating escalation of violence between Israelis and Palestinians, particularly since 2000, the continuation of international sanctions against Iraq and its suffering population, the continuing violence in Algeria, and high levels of structural violence committed by authoritarian governments in virtually all states of the region – all these are constant reminders that the ...