in recent years, reducing emissions has become an important issue. besides reducing the economic costs, reducing the fuel consumption decreases emissions, pollutant impact and increases society health as well. green vehicle routing problem are a major key to reduce hazardous effects of transportation such as air pollution, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions, noise and the like. generally, the amoun...

Concern regarding the impacts of continued nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ecosystem health has prompted the development of critical acid load assessments for forest soils. A critical acid load is a quantitative estimate of exposure to one or more pollutants at or above which harmful acidification-related effects on sensitive elements of the environment occur. A pollutant load in excess of a ...

This review presents a general overview of physical, chemical and biological waste-gas treatment techniques such as adsorption, absorption, oxidation and biodegradation, focusing more extensively on combined processes. It is widely recognized that biological waste-gas treatment devices such as biofilters and biotrickling filters can show high performance, often reaching removal efficiencies abo...

The microbiological and chemical quality of tank-stored rainwater is impacted directly by roof catchment and subsequent run-off contamination, via direct depositions by birds and small mammals, decay of accumulated organic debris, and atmospheric deposition of airborne micro-organisms and chemical pollutants. Previous literature reports on roof water quality have given little consideration to t...

In recent years, the reduction of freight truck trips has been a common policy goal. To this end, policies aimed at influencing load consolidation, load factors and increasing maximum truck weight limits have been suggested and implemented, resulting in higher gross vehicle weights. The purpose of such policies has generally been to mitigate congestion and environmental impacts. However, trucks...

Eutrophication of coastal oceans as a result of the delivery of excess nutrients by rivers is a critical environmental issue on local, regional, and global scale. Japanese agriculture has created high nitrogen surpluses in agricultural lands due to the increasing rate of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of livestock. In this study, to estimate the nitrogen load exported to Koise...

The spectral response of wastewater samples allows, through the use correlation models, to estimate pollutant load in a simple, fast and economical way. However, the...