The upper height of a region of intense backscatter with a poorly defined boundary between this region and a region of clear air above it is found as the maximal height where aerosol heterogeneity is detectable, that is, where it can be discriminated from noise. The theoretical basis behind the retrieval technique and the corresponding lidar-data-processing procedures are discussed. We also sho...

The results of a field campaign carried out from early spring through to the late summer of 2000, in Bristol, England, are presented. Continuous measurements of over 40 hydrocarbons have been made at an urban background site, located at Bristol University, for approximately nine months using a Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionisation Detection (GC-FID) system and for a selection of halocarbons for...

Reaction of the airways to inhaled Berodual was evaluated in two groups of metallurgists surveilled by systematic, complex medical examinations for appx. 25 years: 31 coke oven and 31 cold-rolling mill workers. All subjects under examination were active smokers, smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day. The frequency of ventilatory disorders (central bronchi obturation, small bronchi obturation, a...

In recent years, black carbon (BC) has been gaining more attention due to the diversity of anthropogenic sources and harmful effects on human health, environment, climate. this paper, for first time in Poland, results long-term measurements eBC concentrations (2009–2020) at urban background station Zabrze (southern Poland) are presented. A Multi-Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) was used, whic...

Millions of people worldwide are living in areas where ozone (O3) concentrations exceed health standards (an hourly average of 235 micrograms/m3/0.12 ppm, not to be exceeded more than once per year). Ozone induces acute nasal inflammatory responses and significant epithelial lesions in experimental animals and humans. To determine the nasal effects of a 15-day exposure to an urban polluted atmo...

Various types of aerosols affect cloud microphysical properties and cloud lifetime through the so-called “indirect effect”. The decrease of particles size when the cloud is polluted by small aerosol particles serving as additional cloud condensation nuclei and the reduction of the efficiency of the precipitation forming processes are phenomena described in numerous recent studies (Bréon et al. ...

Particle size distribution down to 1.4 nm was measured in the urban atmosphere of Nanjing, China, in spring, summer, and winter during 2014–2015. Sub-3 nm particle event, which is equivalent to nucleation event, occurred on 42 out of total 90 observation days, but new particles could grow to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)-active sizes on only 9 days. In summer, infrequent nucleation was limite...