1. Fibrin clots prepared in the absence of calcium can be dissolved in solutions of lithium chloride and bromide and sodium bromide and iodide, as well as of guanidine hydrochloride and urea. These salts do not denature fibrinogen under the same conditions of concentration, temperature, and time. Sedimentation experiments on the fibrin solutions show in each case a single sharp peak with a sedi...

Osmolytes found endogenously in almost all living beings play an important role in regulating cell volume under harsh environment. Here, to address the longstanding questions about the underlying mechanism of osmolyte effects, we use femtosecond mid-IR pump-probe spectroscopy with two different IR probes that are the OD stretching mode of HDO and the azido stretching mode of azido-derivatized p...

Enhanced efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizers (EEFs) may improve crop recovery of fertilizer-N, but there is evidence that some EEFs cause a lag in crop growth compared to growth with standard urea. Biomass and mineral nutrient accumulation was investigated in rice fertilized with urea, urea-3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and polymer-coated urea (PCU) to determine whether any delays in bi...

Intensively managed forest plantations often require fertilization to maintain site fertility and improve growth yield over successive rotations. We applied urea-based “enhanced-efficiency fertilizers” (EEF) containing 0.5 atom% 15N at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 soils under mid-rotation black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) track the fate within aboveground ecosystem components during 12-month period af...

To upgrade the performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin bonded particleboards, melamine modified urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resins based on strong acidic pH catalyzed UF polymers were investigated. The study was conducted in a series of two experiments: 1) formulation of MUF resins based on a UF polymer catalyzed with strong acidic pH and 2) determination of the effects of increased melamine co...

Nitrogen management practices have an effect on crop yields but they can also have a negative impact on the environment. Practices such as banding fertilizer and/or split-applying total nitrogen needs per acre offer a more efficient use of nitrogen by significantly reducing nitrate leaching potential. Heavy rains occurring when plants are small and nitrogen demands are low can also increase nit...

Fast and accurate determination of creatinine is critical in kidney function diagnostics. This paper discusses the usage metal-organic framework based on copper(II) acetylenedicarboxylic acid (CuADCA) as a catalyst electrochemical oxidation creatinine, glucose urea. CuADCA was synthesized by deprotonation with triethylamine for first time. Successful synthesis confirmed FTIR EDS. The material c...