A sodiothermic reduction method has been developed for the preparation of porous silicon using aluminosilicate zeolite NaY as a precursor. The porous silicon with a specific surface area of approximately 570 m(2) g(-1) shows distinct capacitive behavior when used as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

Porous electrodes provide high-surface-area supports for the catalysts of many reactions, but the influences of electrode preparation conditions on electrocatalysts are not always well understood. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ~EIS! can provide extensive information about an electrode, but the models describing the spectra are often too idealized to draw useful conclusions. We describe...

A permanent pacemaker was implanted in an 80-year-old patient with complete heart block. The electrode had to be changed six times (endocardial, five and epicardial, one) due to a progressive rise in threshold with recurrent exit block. A porous, steroid eluting, endocardial electrode was implanted and has given 27 months of excellent service. This lead may be ideal for patients who have a prog...

Nanoporous metals similar to paper in form are developed using Japanese washi paper as a template to create hierarchical porous electrodes. This method is used to create a trimodal -nanoporous Au electrode, as a well as a hierarchical NiMn electrode that achieves high electrochemical capacitance and a rapid rate of oxygen evolution.

We demonstrate the use of fluorescence microscopy as a tool for mapping the spatial distribution of fluid flow and electrochemical reactions in an operating aqueous quinone flow cell. 9,10anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (AQDS) is a reversibly redox active molecule with a reduced form (H2AQDS) that fluoresces when excited by UV light. Visualization of AQDS/H2AQDS within commercial porous carbo...

An enzyme glucose microsensor using a glucose oxidase-immobilized porous carbon/Teflon composite microelectrode was developed. The microsensor was fabricated by etching a platinum microelectrode (platinum, radius of 25 and 50 micrometers) in hot aqua regia to create a cavity at the tip and then packing a porous carbon/Teflon composite, which was made from acetylene black and Teflon emulsion, in...

The lithium-air battery is one of the most promising technologies among various electrochemical energy storage systems. We demonstrate that a novel air electrode consisting of an unusual hierarchical arrangement of functionalized graphene sheets (with no catalyst) delivers an exceptionally high capacity of 15000 mAh/g in lithium-O(2) batteries which is the highest value ever reported in this fi...

A facile and scalable single-step approach is employed to synthesize a bulk germanium electrode, which consists of nanoscale Ge-grains in ∼5 μm porous powders. This three-dimensional Ge electrode exhibits superior specific capacity (∼1500 mA h g(-1)) and cyclic performance, attributed to its unique lithiation/delithiation processes.

In the current study, we report new flexible, free standing and high performance electrodes for electrochemical supercapacitors developed througha scalable but simple and efficient approach. Highly porous structures based on carbon fiber and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as a pattern. The electrochemical performances of Carbon fiber/GO-MnO2/CNT supercapacitors were characteriz...

The solid oxide electrochemical cell (SOC) is an energy conversion technology that can be operated reversibly, to efficiently convert chemical fuels to electricity (fuel cell mode) as well as to store electricity as chemical fuels (electrolysis mode). The SOC fuel-electrode carries out the electrochemical reactions CO2 + 2e(-) ↔ CO + O(2-) and H2O + 2e(-) ↔ H2 + O(2-), for which the electrocata...