The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of various pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides for the control of volunteer adzuki bean (Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi) in soybean (Glycine max L.). Trials were conducted at two locations in 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2009. Experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with either five PRE or ...

Intercropping results in high overall system productivity on a given piece of land due to the efficient use available plant growth resources. Weed control intercropping systems is, however, still challenge. This study focuses effect type weed (chemical/mechanical) and timing chemical herbicide application (pre-emergence/post-emergence) crop maize bean mixture. For this purpose, three-year field...

a field experiment was conducted in khorramabad to evaluate the efficacy of 12 herbicides [ethalfloralin (3 l.ha-1), trifloralin (2 l.ha-1), pendimethalin (1.5-2.5 l.ha-1), imazethapyr (0.5-0.7 l.ha-1), isoxaflotole (80 g.ha-1), pyridate (2.5 l.ha-1), bentazon (2 l.ha-1), metribuzine (0.7 kg.ha -1), fomesafen (1 l.ha-1), simazine (80 g.ha-1), prometrine (830 g.ha-1), haloxyfop-r-methyl (1 l.ha-...

The parasitic braconid wasp Cotesia congregata lays its eggs inside the body of the larval stage of its host, the moth Manduca sexta. The Cotesia congregata larvae develop within the hemocoel of their host until their third instar, when they emerge and spin cocoons and pupate on the outer surface of the caterpillar. From this time until their death approximately 2 weeks later, the Manduca sexta...

in order to investigate the effects of cattle manure, benefit fungi of trichoderma species and psudomunas spp. bacteria on seedling emergence parameters, growth and yield of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) a pot experiment was carried out in factorial (23) arrangement based on a randomized complete design with three replications. the treatments were three levels of cattle manure (10, 20 and 30 t.h...

Tricolorin A acts as pre- and post-emergence plant growth inhibitor. In pre-emergence it displays broad-spectrum weed control, inhibiting germination of both monocotyledonous (Lolium mutliflorum and Triticum vulgare) and dicotyledonous (Physalis ixocarpa and Trifolium alexandrinum) seeds, being the dicotyledonous seeds the most inhibited. Tricolorin A also inhibited seedling growth, and seed r...