Objective Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is an independent risk factor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is multifactorial in etiology. While prior studies have suggested a role for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in early brain injury after SAH, its contribution to the pathophysiology of DCI is unclear. Methods In the first experiment, wild-type (WT) and...

Patients who suffer from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually have long-term neurological impairments. Endogenous neurogenesis might play a potential role in functional recovery after SAH; however, the underlying neurogenesis mechanism is still unclear. We assessed the extent of neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) to better understand the neurogenesis mechanism after SAH. We performe...

Very rarely, spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH) can occur without any direct spinal injury in patients with traumatic intracranial SAH. A-59-year-old male with traumatic intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) presented with pain and numbness in his buttock and thigh two days after trauma. Pain and numbness rapidly worsened and perianal numbness and voiding difficulty began on the next da...

A growing body of evidence demonstrates that Akt may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Akt specific activator SC79 in an experimental rat model of SAH. SAH was induced by injecting 300 μL of blood into the prechiasmatic cistern. Intracerebrovent...

Background : Ruptured cerebral aneurysms (ICAs) are the most common non-traumatic cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) that is associated with life threatening complications such as Vasospasm, Infarction, and Hydrocephalus (HCP). The active participation of macrophage/monocyte-mediated inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm as labeled with Monocyte ChemoattractantProte...

Our previous study concerning brain trauma has shown that progesterone could regulate toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the brain, which also has been proved to play important roles in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of the current study was to investigate whether progesterone administration modulated TLR4/N...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling begins early in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and plays a key role in inflammation following cerebral aneurysm rupture. Available studies suggest significance of endogenous first-line blockers of a TLR pathway-soluble TLR2 and 4. METHODS Eighteen patients with SAH and acute hydrocephalus underwent endovascular coiling and ventriculostomy; sTLR2...

AIM To report our experience with a relatively large series of patients with non-traumatic non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (NNSAH) to identify the prognosis associated with different bleeding patterns as well as a further diagnostic work-up to determine the underlying cause. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January 2004 and December 2014, 81 patients with angiography-negative non-traumatic...

background natural disasters, both expected and unexpected, usually cause widespread injuries and destruction with a large number of survivors, including children. several studies have shown that children may develop posttraumatic stress disorder after exposure to disasters such as an earthquake. objectives this study aimed to evaluate the screening abilities of the university of california at ...

following exposure to a major traumatic event like iran-iraq war(1980-1988) various reaction occurs, some of which result in stress-related psychiatric disorder. we have briefly described one such case and used it to indicate some features of post-traumatic stress disorder. the patient, b.b, is a 54 years old man who has served in iran-iraq war operations for about 19 months. he expresses that ...