There have been several important developments in the practice of histopathology since World War II; those reviewed in this lecture are grouped under 4 headings: new techniques (cytopathology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology), organisational issues (recruitment, training and certification, subspecialties, quality control and consultations), ethical and legal is...

What does it mean to communicate and how “best” can this action be accomplished? Perhaps the second part of this question, rather than the first, describes the history of approaches to ideas of communication and their practices. The first “official” textbook providing a window on this history reveals a remarkable consensus on what “communication” and related terms should mean, if not directly i...

Objectives Post-traumatic stress disorder is an established diagnostic category. In particular, over the past 20 years, there has been an interest in culture as a fundamental factor in post-traumatic stress disorder symptom manifestation. However, only a very limited portion of this literature studies the historical variability of post-traumatic stress within a particular culture. Design Ther...

The lives and scientific achievements of two outstanding Polish biologists - Professors Rudolf Weigl (1883-1957) and Ludwik Hirszfeld (1884-1954) - are presented in the context of the social and political events before and after World War II. The main aim is to recall and emphasise the very modern studies conducted in the two decades between the wars in the Polish scientific centres of Lvov and...

This article first shows Jung's evolving views of Nazi Germany from 1936 to the beginning of World War II. In a lecture at the Tavistock Clinic, London, in October 1936, he made his strongest and most negative statements to that date about Nazi Germany. While in Berlin in September 1937 for lectures to the Jung Gesellschaft, his observations of Hitler at a military parade led him to conclude th...

World War II and its subsequent GI Bill have been widely credited with playing a transformative role in American society, but there have been few quantitative analyses of these historical events' broad social effects. We exploit between-cohort variation in the probability of military service to investigate how WWII and the GI Bill altered the structure of marriage, and find that it had importan...

134 Manuel Bromberg Soldiers Resting on Omaha Beach, Normandy 1945 Manuel Bromberg was a member of the War Artist Unit for England and Ireland during World War II and was present during the invasion of Normandy. He does an exceptional job of visualizing the variables of combat stress (the individual, the unit, and the battlefield) in this watercolor of three exhausted soldiers from World War II...