this paper proposes an optimal power flow (opf) algorithm by direct load control (dlc) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. the cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with dlc programs. the load curtailment cost is based ...

The hybrid AC-DC microgrid (HMG) architecture has the merits of both DC and AC coupled structures. Microgrids are subject to intermittence when the renewable sources are used. In the HMG, since power fluctuations occur on both subgrids due to varying load and unpredictable power generation from renewable sources, proper voltage and frequency regulation is the critical issue. This article propos...

Turning to Renewable Energy Sources (RES) is the most logical politics in securing the modern society from critical changes in earth increasing temperature. However, Distributed Generation (DG) sources could lead to new challenges in electricity network, mainly allocation of DG sources in distribution level of power system will set the existing network under stress of power flow parameters. The...

In emerging electric power systems, increased transactions often lead to the situations where the system no longer remains in secure operating region. The flexible Ac transmission system (FACTS) controllers can play an important role in the power system security enhancement. However, due to high capital investment, it is necessary to locate these controllers optimally in the power system. FACTS...

objective: the current study was undertaken to examine the bactericide effects of atmospheric plasma produced by flat and comb electrodes on e.coli. materials and methods: dc (20 w) and ac (500 w) power supplies, flat and comb electrodes, insulator and oxygen gas were used to produce atmospheric plasma. bactericide effects of the atmospheric plasma were studied on e.coli on sterilized plate pla...

objective(s): one applications of nanotechnology is in the area of medicine which is called nanomedicine. primary instruments in nanomedicine can help us to detect diseases and used for drug delivery to inaccessible areas of human tissues. an important issue in simulating the motion of nanoparticles is modeling blood flow as a newtonian or non-newtonian fluid. sometimes blood flow is simulated ...

abstract the goal of this research is simulating an optimum reactor to eliminate greenhouse gases, mainly co2, through combined cycle in stacks of power plant, using a strong base (sodium hydroxide) thinned by water. during this process sodium bicarbonate salt is generated together with water and the produced salty water is desalinated and its useful salts are also extracted. four scenarios hav...