Phosphatase enzymes cleave an inorganic phosphate from a substrate. Phosphatase enzyme histochemistry followed by flat-embedding in glycol methacrylate is extremely useful in studying retinal and choroidal vascular development and loss, since only viable blood vessels have these enzyme activities. Sites of occlusion and remodeling can be identified and analysed, resulting in new insights into t...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in children worldwide due to increasing survival rates of premature infants. Initial suppression, followed by increased production of the retinal vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) expression are key events that trigger the pathological neovascularization in ROP. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an intracellular li...

PURPOSE We sought to document the difference in the vitreoretinal configuration of Stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in photocoagulated and treatment naive eyes undergoing vitrectomy and to correlate it with surgical complexity. METHODS Consecutive eyes posted for vitrectomy with Stage 4 ROP were documented preoperatively using a RetCam for the presence of peripheral traction (PT), pre...

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) leads to severe vision loss in patients of age-related macular degeneration. Previously, we have demonstrated that deguelin, isolated from plants in the Mundulea sericea family, is a chemopreventive agent. This study evaluates the antiangiogenic effect of deguelin on CNV. The to...

Neovascularization is a common pathological process in various retinal vascular disorders including diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The development of neovascular vessels may lead to complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, fibrovascular tissue formation, and traction retinal detachments. Ultimately, irreversible vision loss ...

Retinal vasculopathies such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the most common causes of vision loss in the industrialized world. According to the National Eye Institute, 7.7 million Americans are affected by DR, an additional 10 million have AMD, and of the 3.9 million infants born annually in the U.S., ~15 000 are aff...