The structure andextinctionbehaviorofpartiallypremixed  ames ina counter owconŽ gurationare investigated by using Ž ve different chemistry models. These include the C1 and C2 mechanisms of Peters and Rogg (Peters, N., and Rogg, B., Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms for Applications in Combustion Systems, Springer–Verlag, Berlin, 1993, pp. 8–12), a 12-step augmented reduced mechanism, andGRI-2.11 and...

Cooktop burners are widely used nowadays. In cooktop burner design, nozzle efficiency and greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions mainly depend on heat transfer from the premixed flame to the impinging surface. This is a complicated issue depending on the individual and combined effects of various input combustion variables. Optimal operating conditions for sustainable burner design were rarely addressed...

BACKGROUND Evidence comparing premixed insulin analogues (a mixture of rapid-acting and intermediate-acting insulin analogues) with other antidiabetic agents is urgently required to guide appropriate therapy. PURPOSE To summarize the English-language literature on the effectiveness and safety of premixed insulin analogues compared with other antidiabetic agents in adults with type 2 diabetes....

A numerical investigation of the structure of hydrogen/air partially premixed 'ames (PPFs) in a counter'ow con4guration is reported. The partially premixed 'ame structure is characterized by two spatially distinct reaction zones. Unlike hydrocarbon/air PPFs, the fuel is partially consumed in the rich premixed zone, where H, O, and OH are the major intermediate species, with the remaining fuel b...

We investigate the propagation of a premixed flame subject to thermal expansion through a narrow channel against a Poiseuille flow of large amplitude. This is the first study to consider the effect of a large-amplitude flow, characterised by a Péclet number of order one, Pe= O(1), on a variable-density premixed flame in the asymptotic limit of a narrow channel. It is also the first study on Tay...

To avoid the complexities associated with the droplet/vapor transport and nonuniform evaporation processes, a fundamental investigation of liquid fuel combustion in idealized configurations is very useful. An experimental–computational investigation of prevaporized n-heptane nonpremixed and partially premixed flames established in a counterflow burner is described. There is a general agreement ...

Thermal radiation properties of turbulent premixed flames have received little attention in the past perhaps because of the lower radiative heat loss compared with that for non-premixed flames. However, the high-temperature sensitivity of NO kinetics and the importance of radiation in near-limit laminar premixed flames provide fundamental reasons for studies of radiation properties of turbulent...

INTRODUCTION Patients with type 2 diabetes, who live in Asian countries, often use premixed insulin analogs. However, if these solutions are insufficiently mixed prior to use, patients will receive inaccurate doses of intermediate- and/or short-acting insulin, which could affect diabetes control. This study aimed to determine whether insulin users were correctly resuspending premixed insulin an...

A common drawback of propofol is pain on injection and lignocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce its incidence and severity. In this study we sought to compare the effectiveness of propofol medium chain and long chain triglyceride (MCT/LCT ) alone in comparison to propofol medium chain and long chain triglyceride (MCT/ LCT) premixed with lignocaine in preventing propofol pain on inje...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and peripheral parenteral nutrition (PN) are commonly used for patients who cannot meet their nutritional needs orally or via a feeding tube. These patients benefit from PN to optimize their nutritional status. PN can be manufactured by companies in premixed, standardized bags, or the nutrients can be compounded in individual pharmacies in their respective hospi...