in the macro education plan for iran (2010-2025), twelve years of schooling has been characterized as “general” education. such a characterization is prone to certain misconceptions. general education does not equal “uniform,” or standardized, education and should refrain from identifying as such. yet it is misinterpreted that there is a relationship between offering a general type of education...

We describe the use of synthetic information for doing prescriptive and predictive analytics. We discuss in detail how synthetic information is created by combining data from multiple sources, and then describe its role in an an ongoing disaster resilience study where we simulate the aftermath of a hypothetical nuclear detonation in Washington DC.

The first problem encountered in discussions about the three closely linked purposes of decision research is a lack of agreement about the meanings of the three terms descriptive, normative, and prescriptive. The goal of these comments is to illustrate my understanding of the terms and suggest areas for future prescriptive research. Normative decision research identifies logically compelling pr...

A distinction is made between two forms of morality on the basis of approach-avoidance differences in self-regulation. Prescriptive morality is sensitive to positive outcomes, activation-based, and focused on what we should do. Proscriptive morality is sensitive to negative outcomes, inhibition-based, and focused on what we should not do. Seven studies profile these two faces of morality, suppo...

Concrete (for example, a customer database was seen as concrete and organisational information as abstract). Prescriptive-Flexible (for example, legal and regulatory information was seen as prescriptive whereas organisational information was seen as flexible).

In this paper we discuss a novel method for estimating the expected maintenance savings given a refactoring plan. This work is motivated by the increased adoption of refactoring practices as part of new agile methodologies and the lack of any prescriptive theory on when to refactor.

IN a recent analysis of the dynamics of the history of the older, more mature sciences Kuhn (1962, 1963) holds that each of them has reached the level of guidance by a paradigm. In one of its meanings a paradigm is a contentual model, universally accepted by practitioners of a science at a particular temporal period in its development. With this agreement among its practitioners, the paradigm d...

The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum tolerance needed when choosing a manufacturer who custom-built analog circuitry for all-in-the-ear hearing aids to match a popular prescriptive amplification formula. Given the tolerance, a second purpose was to evaluate fitting success by calculating the differences in prescribed versus preferred gain and pre- versus postfitting perceived ...

The proposal that psychologists should pursue prescriptive authority was first put forth 25 years ago, and it has been an official goal of the American Psychological Association for 15 years. Since then some form of prescriptive authority has been approved by three states, the Territory of Guam, and three branches of the military. Psychologists are also eligible to prescribe in the Public Healt...