OBJECTIVES To characterize the cognitive abilities of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared with healthy controls (HCs) matched for age, sex, and education level while considering the different characteristics of PPMS and RRMS and to compare the cognitive patterns of these types of multiple sclerosis. METHODS For...

OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that olfactory function is more impaired in patients with primary progressive MS (PPMS) than that in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). METHODS Standardized olfactory testing was performed in 32 patients with PPMS, 32 patients with RRMS, and 32 healthy controls (HCs). Patients with olfactory dysfunction due to an alternative primary etiology were excluded. The v...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, with a complex etiology that includes a strong genetic component. The chromosome 19q 13 region surrounding the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene has shown consistent evidence of involvement in MS. In a cross-sectional study, to show the APOE genotype and allele frequency in the MS population of Iran in comp...

Plasma samples from 70 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 41 patients with other neurological diseases (OND), and 38 healthy subjects were examined for antibodies against gangliosides GM1, GM3, GD1a, GD1b, and GD3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The percentages of subjects with increased anti-GM3 responses were significantly higher in the primary progressive MS (56.3%) and seconda...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between early relapse recovery and onset of progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We studied a population-based cohort (105 patients with relapsing-remitting MS, 86 with bout-onset progressive MS) and a clinic-based cohort (415 patients with bout-onset progressive MS), excluding patients with primary progressive MS. Bout-onset progressive MS inclu...

A modified Delphi process assessed current multiple sclerosis (MS) practice patterns for secondary and primary progressive MS (secondary progressive MS [SPMS] and primary progressive MS [PPMS]). In early 2011, 2 sequential, case-based surveys were administered to 75 US MS specialists to assess treatment practices and patient management. Respondents were from geographically diverse US academic (...

BACKGROUND To determine whether retinal axonal loss is detectable in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), a first clinical demyelinating attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS), and examine patterns of retinal axonal loss across MS disease subtypes. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography was performed in 541 patients with MS, including ...

Background: Some studies on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have suggested that adequate vitamin D intake can modulate the course of MS and decreases its incidence. However, there are limited studies with conflicting findings on the relation between MS severity, its course, and vitamin D intake.  Objectives: The current study aimed to compare vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure between MS phenotype...

In this issue of Neurology®, Lublin and over 30 multiple sclerosis (MS) specialists from around the world propose a new consensus framework for MS classification. The increasing importance of MRI in clinical management and treatment trials, together with expanding treatment options and improved understanding of the pathophysiology of MS, motivated the present re-examination of MS phenotypic cla...