impact of licensing on hourly wages is much smaller than in the United States. The major empirical findings in Licensing Occupations are summarized in Table 1. Given these results of the labor market impacts of licensing, other forms of regulation, such as certification, are suggested. Alternative forms of occupational regulation may provide consumers with more choice than licensing and reduce ...

The augmentation in electricity demand, power system privatization as well as efficacy of renewable resources has paved the way for power system companies and researchers to exploit the field of grid connected distributed generation (DG) and its issues, islanding being a dominant one. Several research works have been conducted to mitigate the issues of islanding detection (ID). In context of th...

This paper seeks to contribute to the ongoing controversy on the distributional effects of structural reforms in developing countries. To this end, we set up a small-scale macroeconomic model of a dual economy to capture the transmission mechanisms through which the deregulation of product and factor markets, the liberalization of the trade and FDI regime, and the privatization of public compan...

This article explores the attitudes of trade union organizations to restructuring and privatization of their enterprises to strategic foreign investors in Central and Eastern Europe’s biggest steel producers: Poland, Czech Republic, Romania, and Slovakia. Contra advocates of insulating technocratic decision-makers from social partners, this article argues that higher quality of democracy and co...

This article draws some general connections between privatization and political accountability. Although the main focus of the article is to examine different types of privatization, specifically exploring the ramifications for political accountability of each type, I also engage in some speculation as to whether there are situations in which privatization might raise constitutional concerns re...

Argentina privatized most public utilities during the 1990’s but re-nationalized the main water company in 2006. We study beliefs about the benefits of the privatization of water services amongst low and middle income groups immediately after the 2006 nationalization. Negative opinions about the privatization prevail. These are particularly strong amongst households that did not benefit from pr...

The privatization of state-owned telecommunication companies began in Asia in Japan in the 1980s and gathered pace during the 1990s. To judge the results requires a prior understanding of the aims and objectives of privatization and even an agreed definition of privatization. In its widest context, privatization can refer to a range of policies to embrace private sector capital in the developme...

During the late 1990s, China introduced the gaizhi process for privatizing stateowned firms. Under gaizhi, managers could acquire their firms at a price that was based on recent profitability. Systematic analysis of longitudinal data reveals the following: (1) There is a statistically significant 4 percent decrease in net margin relative to trend in the one year period immediately prior to priv...