This paper formulates Shewhart mean (X-bar) and range (R) control charts for diagnosis and interpretation by artificial neural networks. Neural networks are trained to discriminate between samples from probability distributions considered within control limits and those which have shifted in both location and variance. Neural networks are also trained to recognize samples and predict future poi...

Cognitive-control theories attribute action control to executive processes that modulate behavior on the basis of expectancy or task rules. In the current study, we examined corticospinal excitability and behavioral performance in a go/no-go task. Go and no-go trials were presented in runs of five, and go and no-go runs alternated predictably. At the beginning of each trial, subjects indicated ...

It has recently been shown that the marginalization paradox (MP) can be resolved by interpreting improper inferences as probability limits. The key to the resolution is that probability limits need not satisfy the formal Bayes’ law, which is used in the MP to deduce an inconsistency. In this paper, I explore the differences between probability limits and the more familiar pointwise limits, whic...

Department ofPathology, Kaiser Foundation Laboratories (Oregon Region), Clackamas, Oregon 970151; Department of Microbiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 441062; Medical Microbiology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, California 958173; Antimicrobics Investigations Section, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 303334; and Pfize...