one of the chief discussions within the phrase structure theory is the analysis of the projection level of modifiers of different grammatical categories. this study provides an analysis of the noun phrase structure in persian, considering the projection levels of the post-modifiers. the study is within the framework of the extended standard theory (est) and, in particular, x-bar syntax. data an...

This paper introduces an inequality on vectors in $mathbb{R}^n$ which compares vectors in $mathbb{R}^n$ based on the $p$-norm of their projections on $mathbb{R}^k$ ($kleq n$). For $p>0$, we say $x$ is $d$-projectionally less than or equal to $y$ with respect to $p$-norm if $sum_{i=1}^kvert x_ivert^p$ is less than or equal to $ sum_{i=1}^kvert y_ivert^p$, for every $dleq kleq n$. For...

Background: The technique of vertical dome division or tip defining, involves incising the lateral crura and vestibular skin at or lateral to the dome or tip defining point. The incision di-vides the lower lateral cartilage into a lateral segment and a medial segment, which are advanced anteriorly and sutured together to increase tip projection. The present study aimed at assessing a new vertic...