An important question in biology is how the relative size of different organs is kept nearly constant during growth of an animal. This property, called proportionate growth, has received increased attention in recent years. We discuss our recent work on a simple model where this feature comes out quite naturally from local rules, without fine tuning any parameter. The patterns produced are comp...

In this report, a new kind of adaptive filter paradigms, so-called proportionate adaptation, is introduced. Based on some recent work, particularly the proportionate normalized least-mean-squared (PNLMS) algorithm, some new proportionate adaptation paradigms are developed. Their theoretical issues of interest, such as H∞ optimality, convergence, computational complexity, etc. are addressed. The...

Social-democratic parties face a dilemma between the universalist ethos of their socialist tradition and nationalism that they share with other political actors state where act. In this paper, we examine comparatively position Spanish party Partido Socialista Obrero Español (PSOE) Catalan Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) on three debates pertains to link welfare identity in Spain. We sho...

This paper discusses the actual relevance and historical origins or ‘competition universalism’. In economics, competition is conceptualized as a nearly ubiquitous element of societies, or, at least, used to study wide array social political relations, including between firms for market shares, individuals prestige, countries resources, athletes victory, politicians influence. trend towards univ...

AbstractBackground Contact tracing has been a central control measure for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. However, without consideration of the needs specific populations, public health interventions can exacerbate inequities. Aim The purpose this rapid review was to determine if and how inequities were included in design contact epidemic settings. <...

Although it is known from GA literature that proportionate selection is subject to many pitfalls, the LCS community somewhat adhered to proportionate selection. Also in the accuracy-based learning classifier system XCS, introduced by Wilson in 1995, proportionate selection is used. This paper identifies problem properties in which performance of proportionate selection is impaired. Consequently...