A criminal prosecution of Jamaican Creole (JC) speaking ‘posse’ (=gang) members in New York included evidence of recorded speech in JC. Clandestine recordings (discussions of criminal events, including narration of a homicide) were introduced at trial. Taped data were translated for prosecution by a non-linguist native speaker of JC. Defense disputed these texts and commissioned alternative tra...

In a welfare state, the necessity for certain level of discretion is widely acknowledged. Discretion plays crucial role in law enforcement practices and essential effective administration justice. Within international Criminal Justice Systems, prosecutors have pivotal responsibility upholding rule law. Given their position within executive branch, prosecutorial becomes imperative. It vital to o...

a. Witness Professor Reyntjens (PW77) asked permission to address the Chamber. First, he advised the Chamber that he had made an error in an answer he had given yesterday and offered further explanations. Second, he advised the Chamber that he had been given documents yesterday by Counsel for Bagosora (Mr. Constant), some of which were stamped “confidential” and which he recognized as being doc...

and prosecuting human trafficking cases can be daunting. Among the most common and difficult of these obstacles is the inability or unwillingness of victims to participate in the process. This reluctance may be based upon a variety of factors, including the victims’ fear, shame, distrust of law enforcement, and a real — or perceived — lack of alternatives to trafficking as a way of life. Someti...

Just because a physician/practice is innocent of any wrongdoing does not mean that it won't be captured in a net of prosecution. Each practice must look at what it needs to do defensively to both avoid the possibility of prosecution and, if an indictment is handed down, proactively defend itself in a cost-effective and positive fashion without having to negotiate a settlement when no fraud has ...