Pulmonary edema is a common problem in dogs and cats in both the emergency room and the intensive care unit. A good understanding of the physiology of fluid flow through the lungs is of paramount importance for developing techniques for rational patient management. The normal lung consists of a network of capillaries lined with endothelial cells, surrounding airspaces lined with alveolar epithe...

FORMATION of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has been observed after a variety of inciting events, including upper airway obstruction (negative pressure pulmonary edema [NPPE]), acute lung injury, anaphylaxis, fluid maldistribution, and severe central nervous system trauma (neurogenic pulmonary edema). Both the diagnosis of pulmonary edema and an understanding of its underlying pathophysiology h...

Flash pulmonary edema, also termed acute onset pulmonary edema, is characterized by the sudden onset of respiratory distress related to accumulation of fluid in the lung interstitium over a matter of minutes or hours. Chronic kidney disease is often associated with predisposing cardiac risk factors that make patients susceptible to development of flash pulmonary edema. This article highlights t...

INTRODUCTION Pulmonary edema is usually bilateral, but unilateral lobar pulmonary edema can also be encountered in clinical practice. CLINICAL PICTURE We describe a case of unilateral lobar pulmonary edema in a patient without known cardiac history. It was first presentation of underlying cardiac disease in our patient and was difficult to differentiate from pneumonia. CONCLUSION Unilateral...

The interrelationship of hydrostatic pressure and osmotic forces across the capillary membrane are described by the Starling equation [lo]. Increasing pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure is a cause of pulmonary edema 131. Pulmonary edema develops at a lower hydrostatic pressure when plasma colloid oncotic pressure is lowered suggesting that the gradient between colloid oncotic pressure (CO...

Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening complication, known for almost 100 years, but its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood. This review summarizes current knowledge about the etiology and pathophysiology of neurogenic pulmonary edema. The roles of systemic sympathetic discharge, central nervous system trigger zones, intracranial pressure, inflammation and anesthesia ...

A 40-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with pulmonary edema without signs of left ventricular failure. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema was diagnosed, and a subsequent workup identified a pheochromocytoma as the cause of this condition. The clinical picture could be mimicked by infusion of exogenous norepinephrine. It is concluded that surges of catecholamines from a pheochromocytoma may ...

Pulmonary function abnormalities after exercise are suggestive of pulmonary edema; however, radiographic evidence is lacking. Well-trained cyclists were studied to determine whether there is radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema after endurance exercise (cycling distance 5.3-131.5 km) at altitude. Chest radiographs obtained before exercise were coded for later interpretation. Films obtained ...

To evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring transthoracic electrical impedance in patients with pulmonary edema, we studied 27 normal subjects and 33 patients. In normal subjects, impedance increased when body position changed from supine to standing (p less than 0.01) and when lung volume increased from residual volume to total lung capacity (p less than 0.01). Impedance values vari7 omeg...

OBJECTIVES Post-obstructive pulmonary edema is thought to occur from hemodynamic changes secondary to forced inspiration against the closed airway due to acute or chronic airway obstruction. We report a case of a 13 month-old boy who developed pulmonary edema from aspirated foreign body, nuts. METHODS He underwent emergency bronchoscopy to confirm the clinical diagnosis of aspirated nuts in t...