We describe the case of a young man who underwent anatomical correction of Tetralogy of Fallot in childhood. The patient developed severe pulmonary valve regurgitation, moderate tricuspid regurgitation and dilation of the right heart chambers. He underwent a redo sternotomy, replacement of the pulmonary valve and tricuspid annuloplasty with beating heart under extracorporeal circulation. Althou...

OBJECTIVES We report our experience of percutaneous valve insertion in pulmonary position in humans. BACKGROUND Over the past 40 years, prosthetic conduits have been developed to surgically establish continuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. However, stenosis and insufficiency of the conduit due to valvular degeneration or panus ingrowth frequently occur, limiting patient...

Pulmonary venous aneurysm is rare and its etiology is still debated. Some studies have shown that acquired aneurysms are caused by an increase in left atrial pressure and mitral regurgitation. However, few reports have provided direct evidence of this pathology. We present a case of pulmonary venous aneurysm diagnosed using a combination of echocardiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomogr...

Uncorrected, long-term pulmonary regurgitation leads to right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction in a significant percentage of patients. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after surgery to assess the effect of pulmonary valve replacement with the Medtronic Freestyle bioprosthesis on right ventricular function and volume in nine patients with pulmonary regurgitation or sten...

The valvular disease usually involves two conditions: valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency. Valvular stenosis occurs when a valve opening is smaller than normal due to stiff or fused leaflets. The narrowed opening may make the heart work very hard to pump blood through it. This can lead to heart failure. All four valves can be stenotic (hardened, restricting blood flow); the conditions ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome without overt cardiac disease have echocardiographic abnormalities and their relation with clinical and laboratory data. METHODS One hundred and seven consecutive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 112 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, underwent complete echocardiographic study. RESULTS Thirty-two p...

OBJECTIVE To review the results of surgical correction of partial atrioventricular septal defect and associated cardiac comorbidities. METHODS Retrospective case analysis of electronic database of department of paediatrics cardiac surgery, CPEIC, Multan was done. Forty consecutive patients operated for partial atrioventricular septal defect repair from September 2011 to October 2016 were incl...

A 56-year-old patient with severe pulmonary hypertension developed severe tricuspid regurgitation, right-sided heart failure, and congestive hepatopathy. She was transferred for possible lung transplant and/or tricuspid valve surgery. Clinical and echocardiographic assessment provided confidence that acute tricuspid valve failure was responsible for the decompensation and that tricuspid valve r...

Valvular involvement by disease causes stenosis, insufficiency (regurgitation or incompetence), or both. Stenosis is the failure of a valve to open completely, thereby impeding forward flow. Insufficiency, in contrast, results from failure of a valve to close completely, thereby allowing reversed flow. These abnormalities can be either pure, when only stenosis or regurgitation is present, or mi...

C ongenital cardiac defects involving the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) require initial surgical interventions as early as the neonatal period. These defects may include severe pulmonic valve stenosis, pulmonary atresia with or without ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and truncus arteriosus. In addition, congenital aortic valve defect...