The phase change of water from liquid to vapor is one of the most energy-intensive physical processes in nature, giving it immense potential for cooling. Diverse evaporative cooling strategies have resulted worldwide, including roof ponds and sprinklers, courtyard fountains, wind catchers with qanats, irrigated green roofs, and fan-assisted evaporative coolers. These methods all require water i...

The concept of water–energy–food (WEF) nexus is gaining favor as a means to highlight the functions three individual elements interrelated components single complex system. In practice, approach projects forward from present, seeking maximize future WEF synergies and avoid undesirable tradeoffs. A complementary was employed here gain insights into how ancients dealt with relationships, whether ...

In a wide range of the central boundaries of the Iranian plateau, encompassing an important part of the arid areas in Asia, the phenomenon of desertification is a long his tory. In this arid and waterless expanse, living conditions are fully dependent on access to water due to the supremacy of the Kavirs and deserts. The most important and oldest ways of obtaining water have been Qanat or Kariz...

The presence of radon in drinking water causes health risks associated with exposure from both inhalation and ingestion. Since the studies show that faults near the water resources have a critical effect on the concentration of radon, Kouhbanan active fault zone, to find water resources  with high radon concentration was chosen for the following investigation. Water samples were taken from all ...

the presence of radon in drinking water causes health risks associated with exposure from both inhalation and ingestion. since the studies show that faults near the water resources have a critical effect on the concentration of radon, kouhbanan active fault zone, to find water resources  with high radon concentration was chosen for the following investigation. water samples were taken from all ...

The TabaseColshan catastrophic earthquake of 16 September 1978 of magnitude M ~ 7 . 7 , the largest shock which has ever been recorded in Iran, occurred in Khorassan Province east central Iran (Fig. 1). The main shock took place in the evening, when most people were in their houses, at 19.38.18 local time (1535.58 GMT), without any felt foreshock. The preliminary instrumental epicentre is recor...

the aim of this study was measuring the amount of heavy metals (nickel, cobalt, cadmium, chromium and zinc) in different tissues of black fish (capoeta fusca). for this reason, in july 2010, 24 black fish was caught at the central part qanats of birjand. the results showed that between the whole length and the weight of fish and concentration of heavy metals in different observed tissues there ...

during recent years there has been increasing consciousness of, and concern about, groundwater water pollution and monitoring in iran. in this context, a comprehensive review of the trace elements and heavy metals in groundwater of oshtorinan plain in northern part of boroujerd has carried out to investigate the effects of weathering minerals, agricultural and industrial activities. groundwater...