One hundred ninety-five rabies cases in cattle were identified in South Korea since 1993. As most of rabies cases have a relation to rabid Korean raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis), vaccination to animals including cattle is mandatory in rabies risk region. In order to minimize fatal rabies in animals, eradication policy of the disease has been achieved by controlling reservoirs ...

Rabies remains an important public health problem with more than 95% of all human rabies cases caused by exposure to rabid dogs in areas where effective, inexpensive vaccines are unavailable. Because of their ability to induce strong innate and adaptive immune responses capable of clearing the infection from the CNS after a single immunization, live-attenuated rabies virus (RV) vaccines could b...

Understanding the factors influencing vaccination campaign effectiveness is vital in designing efficient disease elimination programmes. We investigated the importance of spatial heterogeneity in vaccination coverage and human-mediated dog movements for the elimination of endemic canine rabies by mass dog vaccination in Region VI of the Philippines (Western Visayas). Household survey data was u...

Rabies, the most fatal of all infectious diseases, remains a major public health problem in developing countries, claiming the lives of an estimated 55,000 people each year. Most fatal rabies cases, with more than half of them in children, result from dog bites and occur among low-income families in Southeast Asia and Africa. Safe and efficacious vaccines are available to prevent rabies. Howeve...

Suspension cultures of BHK-21 cells maintained at 32 to 33 C were infected with the Flury LEP strain of rabies virus. By using a cell concentration of 2.0 x 10(6) to 2.5 x 10(6) cells per ml infected at a multiplicity of 0.05, high titers of extracellular virus were reached in 96 to 120 h, and potent inactivated vaccines were prepared from culture fluids harvested between 96 to 168 h. The addit...

Animal rabies control has been frustrated by the existence of multiple wildlife reservoirs and the lack of efficacious oral vaccines. In this investigation, raccoons fed a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus in a sponge bait developed rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (0.6-54.0 units) and resisted street rabies virus infection 28 and 205 days after feeding. Additional raccoons immun...

Following Pasteur’s initial development of rabies vaccine, a variety of rabies vaccines were prepared from nerve tissues. Such nerve tissue vaccines (NTV) proved highly effective, but were also associated with occasional neuroparalytic reactions. The development of duck embryo vaccine (DEV), which is not prepared from nerve tissue, led to a fall in the rate of serious reactions in rabies prophy...

Rabies is acutely fatal encephalitis caused by a neurotropic virus. This virus belongs to the family ofRhabdoviridae and genus of Lyssavirus. The virus is almost always transmitted to human through infectedmammalian saliva. Rabies is inoculated to a wound by an infected animal bite. Since infection is establishedin the CNS, the outcome is almost always fatal. According to the outstanding role o...

The RID assay is one of the in vitro methods used for in-process control in the production of rabies vaccines for veterinary use. It has been shown to be very useful for determining antigen concentration in the final bulk product. The work presented in this paper, including the production and standardization of candidate standard reagents for use in the Radial Immunodiffusion Assay (RID) was ca...

Potency control of inactivated rabies vaccines for human and veterinary application is usually undertaken by vaccination-challenge tests (e.g. the mouse potency test). For practical and ethical reasons there is an urgent need to replace in vivo potency control procedures, at least in part, by reliable methods of in vitro potency testing. Quantitative ELISA systems for potency control were devel...