We address the problem of learning robot control by model-free reinforcement learning (RL). We adopt the probabilistic model of Vlassis and Toussaint (2009) for model-free RL, and we propose a Monte Carlo EM algorithm (MCEM) for control learning that searches directly in the space of controller parameters using information obtained from randomly generated robot trajectories. MCEM is related to,...

BACKGROUND Lymph node ratio (LNR), the ratio of tumor-positive lymph nodes (+LN) to the total number of resected lymph nodes (rLN), predicts recurrence and survival in colon cancer. Variations in colonic resection length (RL) may influence rLN, +LN, or both, thereby potentially impacting LNR and its prognostic value in colon cancer. METHODS All colon cancer patients treated surgically at our ...

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on root length (RL) distribution of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. The study was conducted in Prague-Ruzyne on clay loam Chernozemic soil in the years 1996–2003. Two (N0, N1) and three (N0, N1, N2) treatments, unfertilized (N0), fertilized with 100 kg (N1) and 200 kg N/ha (N2) were studied in 1996–2000 and 2001–2003, respectively. Nitr...

Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was employed to relate the root surface area (RSA) to the periodontal attachment levels (PALs) of extracted premolars to diagnose periodontitis. Single-rooted human maxillary and mandibular premolars 31 and 36, respectively, were surveyed by micro-CT and its associated software. RSA levels from the 1st to 10th mm, corono-apically, were analyzed using statist...

In recent years, researches on reinforcement learning (RL) have focused on bridging the gap between adaptive optimal control and bio-inspired learning techniques. Neural network reinforcement learning (NNRL) is among the most popular algorithms in the RL framework. The advantage of using neural networks enables the RL to search for optimal policies more efficiently in several real-life applicat...

Reelin regulates telencephalic and cerebellar lamination during mammalian development and is expressed in several structures of the adult brain; however, only traces of reelin were believed to be in peripheral tissues. Because reelin structurally resembles extracellular matrix proteins, and because many of these proteins are expressed in blood, we hypothesized that reelin also might be detectab...

Low soil P availability is a primary constraint to common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production in Latin America and Africa. Substantial genotypic variation in bean adaptation to low phosphorus (LP) availability has been linked with root traits that enhance the efficiency of soil foraging. The objectives of this study were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for P accumulation and asso...

in recent years, researches on reinforcement learning (rl) have focused on bridging the gap between adaptive optimal control and bio-inspired learning techniques. neural network reinforcement learning (nnrl) is among the most popular algorithms in the rl framework. the advantage of using neural networks enables the rl to search for optimal policies more efficiently in several real-life applicat...