The geochemistry of marine sediments is a major source of information about the past environment. Of the many measurements that provide such information, those of the U-series nuclides are unusual in that they inform us about the rate and timescales of processes. Oceanic processes such as sedimentation, productivity, and circulation, typically occur on timescales too short to be assessed using ...

The residence time of atmospheric aerosol particles is a function of various removal processes, such as dry deposition by impaction, diffusion, sedimentation and resuspension as well as wet deposition by rain drops (precipitation scavenging). Estimation of the mean-residence time of atmospheric aerosols could be based on measurements of the activities and ratios of activities of cosmic-ray prod...

Decontamination and decommissioning (D & D) requires the characterization of large surface areas such as soils, walls, and floors. To address the identification and quantification of radioactive material in these problematic surroundings, a portable high-resolution gamma-spectrometry system has been developed. The system was tested using the calibrated concrete slabs at Grand Junction, Colorado...

(Summary of a paper entitled " Radioactive Nuclides and their Radiations as an Important Tool for the Benefit of Less Developed Areas" prepared by H. Sel igman, J . Cameron, M.Cohen, E.Eriksson, B.R. Payne, R. Olson and H. Vetter, all members of the IAEA Secretariat, and presented at the recent UN Conference in Geneva on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less Deve...

The nuclides zinc-65 and cobalt-60 associated with river-borne particulate matter are incorporated in sediment on the Continental Shelf near the Colum- ia River. Changes in the relative concentrations of zinc-65 and cobalt-60 and in the ratio of the activity of zinc-65 and cobalt-60 suggest that radioactive sediment moves northward 12 to 30 kilometers per year along the shelf and 2.5 to 10 kilo...

In 1973, the Japan Atomic Energy Industry Forum published a report entitled “A closed system for radioactivity”. The report pointed out the importance of R&D for P&T of long-lived nuclides as long-term efforts in developing a complete system for radioactive waste management. JAERI started the development of partitioning process for high-level liquid waste and the design study of transmutation s...

Measurement of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) is crucial in experimental studies of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. The standard measurement technique uses radioactive microspheres; however, not all institutions are able to dispose of radioactive waste and therefore cannot make use of this method. We tested a new, nonradioactive microsphere, labeled with colors instead of nu...

Low background miniaturized proportional counters as developed for the GALLEX solar neutrino experiment can be applied to the detection of radioactive noble gas nuclides at very low activities. We have developed an apparatus that allows the activity of trace amounts of isotopes of the four noble gases Ar, Kr, Xe and Rn to be measured. The technique includes contamination-free chromatographic pu...