Using modeling and simulation users can apply realistic interactions with their synthetic environments representing real world. In this study the synthetic environment is a hardware railroad model representing a miniature replica of a full-size railroad system under study. The hardware model is tested by means of real-time adaptive software simulator consisting of two subsystems: the virtual ra...

Attractive train schedules are quite important for the success of public rail transport. We consider schedules which are repeated after some xed time period. Periodicity is a well accepted, convenient attribute of all major railroad systems. Since trains share the public railroad network, we have to handle many connicting demands. Increasing competition from transportation alternatives as well ...

As a next generation of Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R), 3rd Generation Partnership Program (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE)/ LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is considered for railroad wireless communication, i.e., LTE-Railway (LTE-R). Railroad wireless communication has its own requirements and functions since railroad wireless communication is very closely related to safety. In...

In the 1930s, amidst concern about the ability of existing pension programs to provide former railroad workers with adequate assistance in old age, Congress established a national Railroad Retirement system. This system is primarily administered by the Railroad Retirement Board (RRB), which is an independent federal agency charged with providing benefits to eligible employees of the railroad in...

consider an individual’s Railroad Retirement benefit, other than the tier I benefit, in dividing property in a divorce case. This would treat Railroad Retirement benefits like other pension benefits. The only benefits paid to divorced spouses under the Railroad Retirement system are tier I benefits. Tier I benefits would continue to be immune from garnishment, attachment, assignment, levy, or o...

To determine the employment characteristics of workers covered jointly by old-age and survivors insurance and the railroad retirement program, a sample of the work histories from the Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and the Railroad Retirement Board has been analyzed. In the analysis the hypothesis has been developed that, as time progresses, virtually all railroad workers will at some...

a new design for replacing a missing anterior tooth is described. in this article, a lingually fixed partial denture, its advantages, disadvantages, indication and contraindications have been explained. the ability of this design to replace a single missing central or lateral incisor is discussed.

This paper addresses the determinants of three types of railroad related fatalities: trespasser fatalities, those at grade crossings, and those involving passengers and employees. Of particular interest are the effects of railroad deregulation (the Staggers Act) on railroad related fatalities. Models are developed using specification error analysis and seemingly unrelated regression. Deregulati...

This is a review of walking tasks in the railroad environment, and the injuries that result from slips, trips, falls, or other acute or even non-traumatic exposures. The lack of federal regulations for railroad walkways has led several states to develop and enforce their own regulations. Support from the research literature for such regulations has come from biomechanical studies of the effects...