The presence of snow cover has significant impacts on the both global and regional climate and water balance on earth. The accurate estimation of snow cover area can be used for forecasting runoff due to snow melt and output of hydroelectric power. With development of remote sensing techniques at different scopes in earth science, enormous algorithms for retrieval hydrometeor parameters have be...

Changes of snow occurrence across the central and eastern United States under future warming for the late 21(st) century are investigated by applying an empirical hyperbolic tangent function to both observed and downscaled high spatial resolution (~12.5 km) daily temperature and precipitation, to compare the historical (1981-2000) and future (2081-2100) snow occurrence. The observed distributio...

One of the most frequently asked questions about health surveys such as the SF-36® is "what do the numbers mean"? Health status scores are abstractions, which obtain meaning through knowledge of how the scores are related to other variables. Although we may not think about it, this is also true for more commonly used measures. For example, a temperature of 0°C is an abstract number, which becom...

Abstract A newly developed precipitation phase metric is used to detect the impact of urbanization on nature at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by contrasting relative amounts rain and snow. total 162 years observed data were analyzed classify winter-season for city Toronto. In addition, shorter records examined nearby climate stations in less-urbanized areas near For all winters from 1849 2010 as we...

[1] In maritime mountainous regions, the phase of winter precipitation is elevation dependent, and in watersheds receiving both rain and snow, hydrologic impacts of climate change are less straightforward than in snowmelt‐dominated systems. Here, 29 Pacific Northwest watersheds illustrate how distribution of seasonal snow, transient snow, and winter rain mediates sensitivity to 20th century war...

Observations and measurements indicate rain often has a major impact on snow slope stability. Measurements to investigate the effects of wetting of low density, alpine snow were made at Snoqualmie Pass, WA, USA. Results indicate that on first wetting, the densification rate can increase by three orders of magnitude. This initial burst of densification occurs independently of the gravitational l...

Climate change is causing rapid changes to forest disturbance regimes worldwide. While the consequences of climate change for existing disturbance processes, like fires, are relatively well studied, emerging drivers of disturbance such as snow loss and subsequent mortality are much less documented. As the climate warms, a transition from winter snow to rain in high latitudes will cause signific...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between cold periods and coronary events, and the extent to which climate, sex, age, and previous cardiac history increase risk during cold weather. DESIGN A hierarchical analyses of populations from the World Health Organisation's MONICA project. SETTING Twenty four populations from the WHO's MONICA project, a 21 country register made between ...

A comprehensive hydroclimatic data set is presented for the 2011 water year to improve understanding of hydrologic processes in the rain–snow transition zone. This type of data set is extremely rare in scientific literature because of the quality and quantity of soil depth, soil texture, soil moisture, and soil temperature data. Standard meteorological and snow cover data for the entire 2011 wa...