M efforts have been made to reduce sulfur emissions in Europe. Acid rain pollution in Norway has diminished substantially, thanks to the 1979 Geneva Convention on Longrange Transboundary Air Pollution, which was implemented starting in 1983. Parallel with the reduction in acid rain, atmospheric concentrations and deposition of mercury (Hg) have also been reduced. Here, we show that reduced acid...

Physical properties of the sub-micrometer aerosol over the Amazon rain forest during the wet-to-dry season transition – comparison of modeled and measured CCN concentrations J. Rissler, E. Swietlicki, J. Zhou, G. Roberts, M. O. Andreae, L. V. Gatti, and P. Artaxo Div. of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Atmosp...

We used airborne imaging spectroscopy and photon transport modeling to determine how biological invasion altered the chemistry of forest canopies across a Hawaiian montane rain forest landscape. The nitrogen-fixing tree Myrica faya doubled canopy nitrogen concentrations and water content as it replaced native forest, whereas the understory herb Hedychium gardnerianum reduced nitrogen concentrat...

— This paper introduces a new rain removal model based on the shrinkage of the sparse codes for a single image. Recently, dictionary learning and sparse coding have been widely used for image restoration problems. These methods can also be applied to the rain removal by learning two types of rain and non-rain dictionaries and forcing the sparse codes of the rain dictionary to be zero vectors. H...

Rain attenuation is a major shortcoming of microwave transmission. J.S Ojo1, 2, M.O Ajewole1, S.K Sarkar2. An improved approach of predicting rain attenuation cumulative. rain attenuation formula Approach for determining the values of rain attenuation at different.Attenuation due to rain is an important constraint in the designing of the microwave. The paper presents a new prediction model of r...

This letter proposes a simple method of transferring rain structures of a given exemplar image (rain image) into a target image (non‐rain image). Given the exemplar rain image and its corresponding masked rain image, rain patches including real‐life rain structures are extracted randomly, and then residual rain patches are obtained by subtracting those rain patches from their mean patches. Next...

Tropical rain forests represent some of the most diverse ecosystems on earth, yet mechanistic links between tree species identity and ecosystem function in these forests remains poorly understood. Here, using free-living nitrogen (N) fixation as a model, we explore the idea that interspecies variation in canopy nutrient concentrations may drive significant local-scale variation in biogeochemica...