Warmer SST and more rain in the Northern Hemisphere are observed year-round in the tropical eastern Pacific with southerly wind crossing the equator toward the atmospheric heating. The southerlies are minimal during boreal spring, when two precipitation maxima straddle the equator. Fourteen atmosphere– ocean coupled GCMs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) and one coupled reg...

1. INTRODUCTION The granularity of raindrops within a rain volume has been the focus of recent research projects such as the ones dealing with numerical simulation of pollutants scavenging and radar microwave electromagnetic energy dispersion by rainfall, represented by radar reflectivity factor. The raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics depend on the microphysical, dynamical and kin...

A new method is required for change-point testing of precipitation data that is capable of applying valid precipitation models. First, stochastic precipation models are researched and classified. Typically, the occurrence of rain is modeled using a two-state, first-order Markov chain, and the intensity of rain is modeled using a two-parameter gamma distribution. Using the likelihood ratio test ...

Broadband satellite communication networks operating at Ka band (20-30 GHz) play a very important role in today’s worldwide telecommunication infrastructure. The problem, however, is that rain can be the most dominant impairment factor for radio propagation in these frequency bands. Allocating frequency bandwidth based on the worst-case rain fading leads to the waste of the frequency spectrum d...

Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS) is a broadband wireless access technology that operates at microwave frequencies above 25 GHz. However, severe attenuation due to excessive rain in tropical regions presents a major challenge for achieving reliable communication over such frequencies. To overcome this problem, cell-site diversity (CSD) can be deployed in cellulartype LMDS networks. I...

A mean field model is presented that describes droplet growth resulting from condensation and collisions and droplet loss resulting from fallout. The model allows for an effective numerical simulation. The numerical scheme that is conservative in water mass and keeps accurate count of the number of droplets is applied, and the way in which the rain initiation time depends on different parameter...

More accurate prediction of the strong winds and heavy rain associated with tropical cyclones using numerical weather prediction (NWP) models would be helpful in the provision of weather services for the public. In this paper, the impact of assimilating radar data in the simulation of Typhoon Neoguri and Severe Tropical Storm Kammuri in 2008 is studied using Weather Research and Forecasting (WR...

Many datasets contain a large number of zeros, and cannot be modeled directly using a single distribution. Motivated by rain data from a global climate model, we study a semiparametric mixture of binomial regressions, in which both the component proportions and the success probabilities depend on the predictors nonparametrically. An EM algorithm is proposed to estimate this semiparametric mixtu...