The effect of pastoral management on the standing crop biomass of large ungulates, an index of carrying capacity, is analysed at a regional level by using data compiled from published sources covering east and south Africa. The effect of primary production is controlled for by using two environmental factors, rainfall and soil nutrient availability, and the effect of species richness of the ung...

�e correlation between increasedWest African monsoon rainfall and anomalously low surface pressure over the Sahara is well established in observations and global climatemodels, and has been interpreted as a strengthening of the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) during wet monsoon years.�is study uses two atmospheric reanalysis datasets to examine interannual variability of Sahel rainfall and the shallow S...

the relocation of nutrients and water fluxes to the forest floor varies spatially due to partition of rainfall into throughfall and stemflow by tree canopies. in this study, nutrient concentrations of rainfall and stemflow were measured for seven rainfall events in chaboksar area in the hyrcanian ecozone of iran composed of juglans regia linn and cup. sempervirens l. var. fastigiata where such ...

This paper investigates the role that air–sea interaction processes may play in interannual variability of south-eastern African summer rainfall. The principal spatial modes of south-eastern African summer rainfall are first identified using principal component analysis. Four modes are retained. The most important mode of variability is found to represent rainfall variability over most of the d...

Reservoir is one of the emergency environments that required fast an accurate decision to reduce flood risk during heavy rainfall and contain water during less rainfall. Typically, during heavy rainfall, the water level increase very fast, thus decision of the water release is timely and crucial task. In this paper, intelligent decision support model based on neural network (NN) is proposed. Th...

The Typhoon Nakri passed the Jeju Island in Korea (1–3 August 2014) and recorded one-day rainfall of 1182 mm at Witse-Oreum (a place name where a small volcanic cone is) of the Hallasan Mountain, Korea. This one-day rainfall amount was the highest rainfall that was ever recorded in Korea. As the altitude of Witse-Oreum is 1673 m, it was believed that the orographic effect enhanced the rainfall ...

Larvae of Aedes albopictus Skuse typically inhabit natural and artificial containers. Since these larval habitats are replenished by rainfall, Ae. albopictus may experience increased loss of immature stages in areas with high levels of rainfall. In this study, we investigated the effects of rainfall and container water level on population density, and oviposition activity of Ae. albopictus. In ...

Summer rainfall in the Sahel region of Africa exhibits one of the largest signals of climatic variability and with a population reliant on agricultural productivity, the Sahel is particularly vulnerable to major droughts such as occurred in the 1970s and 1980s. Rainfall levels have subsequently recovered, but future projections remain uncertain. Here we show that Sahel rainfall is skilfully pre...

Introduction Precipitation is one of the major factors in the water balance of a catchment and as such the water cycle is most sensitive to changes in rainfall (Petheram et al. 2002). In sub-humid, semi-arid and arid regions, evapotranspiration is the second largest component of the water balance, and is affected not only by the availability of water but also by any change in other aspects of c...

A detailed and well-dated proxy record of summer rainfall variation in arid Central Asia is lacking. Here, we report a long-term, high resolution record of summer rainfall extracted from a peat bog in arid eastern-Central Asia (AECA). The record indicates a slowly but steadily increasing trend of summer rainfall in the AECA over the past 8500 years. On this long-term trend are superimposed seve...