background and purpose: clinical knowledge management (ckm) is considered as a dominant approach for information management and expansion of knowledge in clinical settings. health care executives have recently begun to focus on ckm. therefore, identification of challenges against proper ckm planning is of paramount importance. the aim of this study was to explore challenges in clinical knowledg...

Meta-analysis of multi-arm trials has been used increasingly in recent years. The aim of meta-analysis for multi-arm trials is to combine evidence from all possible similar studies. In this paper we propose normal approximation models by using empirical logistic transform to compare different treatments in multi-arm trials, allowing studies of both direct and indirect comparisons. Additionally,...

The REACH Forgiveness intervention has been used in psychoeducational groups, couple and individual counseling and psychotherapy, and workbooks. It has been investigated in over 20 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) worldwide. It has been accommodated to treat Christians and shown to be effective in RCTs. But most research has established it to be effective when not accommodating it to religious...

OBJECTIVE The lack of a standard methodology in diagnostic research impedes adequate evaluation before implementation of constantly developing diagnostic techniques. We discuss the methodology of diagnostic research and underscore the relevance of decision analysis in the process of evaluation of diagnostic tests. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Overview and conceptual discussion. RESULTS Diagnost...

Well-conducted randomized clinical trials (RCT) are essential for the objective assessment of the value of new diagnostic or therapeutic medical interventions. They also will give us information about the effect of the intervention on cost and quality of life. Although the RCT was introduced 50 years ago, the requirements to ensure the best possible quality are continuously scrutinized.1–4 That...

BACKGROUND Noncompliance to treatment assignment is an inevitable occurrence in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Intention to treat (ITT) is generally considered the best method for addressing noncompliance in RCTs. Alternatives to ITT exist, including per protocol (PP), as treated (AT), and instrumental variables (IV). These three methods define participant compliance dichotomously, but part...