The task of rationalization aims to extract pieces input text as rationales justify neural network predictions on classification tasks. By definition, represent key used for prediction and thus should have similar feature distribution compared the original text. However, previous methods mainly focused maximizing mutual information between labels while neglecting relationship To address this is...

This paper examines the connection between path independence and transitive rationalization of a choice function in a general domain where a choice function may not include all possible non-empty subsets of the universal set. Describing a sequential choice procedure, this paper shows that the requirement of path independence of a choice function is equivalent to Richter's Congruence Axiom and t...

The rise of government by indicators, by figures may reveal a new wave of rationalization organized by the state in the classic Weberian sense. Contemporary forms of government are marked by the rise of indicators, measures and new metrics to compare, certify, codify and evaluate. In many countries, performance measurement has become one of the symbols of the transformation of governance. The p...

Detecting Ideas of Rationalization in Mediaeval Islamic Building Design – what is the point of this investigation? To tell it straight away: it’s about the interpretation of design under an economic perspective as analyzed in the case of the Rizk Cami in Hasankeyf. In this respect ‟rationalization” is not meant to describe the rule of ratio, proportions or other formal methods to produce design...

BACKGROUND This article examines uncomfortable realities that the European hospital sector currently faces and the potential impact of wide-spread rationalization policies such as (hospital) payment reform and privatization. METHODS Review of relevant international literature. RESULTS Based on the evidence we present, rationalization policies such as (hospital) payment reform and privatizat...

In our daily life, we continuously monitor others' behaviors and interpret them in terms of goals, intentions, and reasons. Despite their central importance for predicting and interpreting each other's actions, the functional mechanisms and neural circuits involved in action understanding remain highly controversial. Two alternative accounts have been advanced. Simulation theory assumes that we...

In this paper we analyze the relationship between design methodologies and the artifacts used in them. We give a brief historical perspective of the field and present some examples and preliminary findings.

While numerous Western countries first experienced cultural rationalization, next economic modernization, and then faced the challenges of population aging and pension policy reform, both Latin America and China, in contrast, are dealing with these challenges in the context of much less developed economies and stronger traditional cultures. In this article we analyze old-age pension reform effo...