The collective effective dose to the population from all x-ray examinations in Finland in 2005 was estimated. The numbers of x-ray examinations were collected by a questionnaire to the health care units (response rate 100 %). The effective doses in plain radiography were calculated using a Monte Carlo based program (PCXMC), as average values for selected health care units. For computed tomograp...

Background: A study has been conducted to assess two useful radiation protection indices, the annual per-capita effective dose equivalent (AED) and the genetically significant dose (GSD), from conventional diagnostic radiography in 10 counties with more than 1,886,000 inhabitants in Khorasan province in Iran. Materials and Methods: The health centre authorities of Khorasan province were asked t...

Endobronchial tuberculosis and chest radiography I read, with interest, the article entitled “Clinical and Para-clinical Presentations of Endobronchial Tuberculosis” by Ahmadi Hoseini H. S. et al. (1) published in this journal. I would like to focus on some details about the chest X-ray of patients as elaborated by the authors in the results section. Accordingly, the findings of chest radiograp...

In clinical routine surgeons depend largely on 2D x‐ray radiographs and their experience to plan and evaluate surgical interventions at the knee. Numerous studies have shown that pure 2D x‐ray radiography based measurements are not accurate due to the error in determining accurate radiography magnification and the projection characteristics of 2D radiographs. Using 2D x‐ray radiographs to plan ...

A flexible microdome-grooved Gd(2)O(2)S:Tb scintillator is simulated, fabricated, and characterized for digital radiography applications. According to Monte Carlo simulation results, the dome-grooved structure has a high spatial resolution, which is verified by X-ray image performance of the scintillator. The proposed scintillator has lower X-ray sensitivity than a nonstructured scintillator bu...

Many nuclear weapons complex workers were required to undergo medical x-ray examinations as a condition of their employment. To ensure that their dose reconstructions are complete, it is necessary to include the contributions from these examinations. X-ray procedures that must be evaluated include: (1) posterior-anterior and lateral radiography, and/or photofluorography, of the chest; (2) anter...

introduction the main goal of this study was to perform quality control test on all radiography units operating in golestan province of iran. materials and methods forty-four x-ray units were examined based on general accepted programs for quality control. eight parameters including kvp accuracy, kvp reproducibility, ma-time reciprocity, exposure linearity, exposure reproducibility, timer accur...

November 1998 2 medicamundi X-ray examinations of the skeleton are, after chest exposures, the most frequently performed type of radiological examination, representing about 30 % of the total. With a few exceptions, projection radiography forms the basis for the diagnosis of skeletal disorders and, in most cases, provides the information for the definitive diagnosis. In traumatology, rheumatolo...