Cis-polybutadiene was functionalized using in–situ generated DMD as oxidant and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide as phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The epoxidation process was investigated by 1HNMR spectroscopy. 1HNMR spectrum analysis of products confirms the absence of ring opening side products in epoxidation reaction. Various factors such as reaction temperature, reaction time and the concentr...

In this work, kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification reaction were studied. This research investigated the esterification reaction between methanol and acidified oil catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resin and proposed a new rate equation for consideration of kinetics of this reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Thermodynamics and kinetics parameters were calcu...

In this work, kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification reaction were studied. This research investigated the esterification reaction between methanol and acidified oil catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resin and proposed a new rate equation for consideration of kinetics of this reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Thermodynamics and kinetics parameters were calcu...

an approach to recycle precious metals of cathode materials from spent lithium cobalt oxide batteries by using organic citric acid and hydrogen peroxide has been studied in this paper. the effects of molar ratio, solid-liquid ratio, reaction time and temperature on leaching efficiency of cobalt were investigated respectively. meanwhile the leaching kinetics equation of cobalt was established, a...

3 A " homogeneous " LTB model 29 3. C Sewing the photon path 109 Acknowledgments 111 Bibliography 113 vi CONTENTS Introduction This thesis is mainly about how to set up and carry out the idea of back-reaction in a physically meaningful way. Most, if not all, observations are consistent with the cosmic concordance model according to which, today, one-fourth of the mass-energy of the universe is ...

Effective energy windows (Gamow windows) of astrophysical reaction rates for (p,γ), (p,n), (p,α), (α,γ), (α,n), (α,p), (n,γ), (n,p), and (n,α) on targets with 10 ≤ Z ≤ 83 from protonto neutrondripline are calculated using theoretical cross sections. It is shown that widely used approximation formulae for the relevant energy ranges are not valid for a large number of reactions relevant to hydros...

ENERGY METHODS FOR REACTION-DIFFUSION PROBLEMS by Xing Zhong Nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations arise in many areas of applied sciences such as combustion modeling, population dynamics, chemical kinetics, etc. A fundamental problem in the studies of these equations is to understand the long time behavior of solutions of the associated Cauchy problem. These kinds of questions were originally...

The effect of mechanical activation on structural changes and kinetics of carbothermic reduction of hematite with graphite was studied in this research. Hematite powder mixture with graphite (with stoichiometry ratio C/O=1) was milled for the time periods of zero to 50 hours, and the structural changes were studied using X ray diffraction (XRD). The effect of mechanical activation on the kineti...