over the two last decades, distribution companies have been aware of the importance of paying attention to the all aspects of a distribution system simultaneously to be successful in the global market. these aspects are the economic, the environmental, the social and the safety aspects. in the vehicle routing problem (vrp) literature, the economic issue has often been used, while the environmen...

Locally multipath adaptive routing (LMAR) protocol, classified as a new reactive distance vector routing protocol for MANETs is proposed in this paper. LMAR can find an ad-hoc path without selfish nodes and wormholes using a random search algorithm in polynomial-time. Also when the primary path fails, it discovers an alternative safe path if network graph remains connected after eliminating sel...

Establishing a network of transit routes with satisfactory demand coverage is one of the main goals of transitagencies in moving towards a sustainable urban development. A primary concern in obtaining such anetwork is reducing operational costs. This paper deals with the problem of minimizing construction costsin a grid transportation network while satisfying a certain level o...

in this paper, we present a novel algorithm for vanet using cloud computing. we accomplish processing, routing and traffic control in a centralized and parallel way by adding one or more server to the network. each car or node is considered a client, in such a manner that routing, traffic control, getting information from client and data processing and storing are performed by one or more serve...

A mobile ad hoc network is set up with a group of mobile wireless nodes without the use of any dedicated routers or base stations. Each node acts as an end node as well as a router for other nodes. There are generally two types of ad hoc routing protocols, reactive and proactive routing protocols. The focus of this paper centers on reactive routing protocols which establish routes between commu...

Ad hoc wireless multi-hop networks (AHWMNs) are communication networks that consist of wireless nodes, placed together in an ad hoc manner, i.e. with minimal prior planning. All nodes in the network have routing capabilities and forward data packets for other nodes in multi-hop fashion. AHWMNs pose substantially different challenges to routing protocols than more traditional wired networks. AHW...

In this paper, we consider scheduling of project networks under minimization of total weighted resource tardiness penalty costs. In this problem, we assume constrained resources are renewable and limited to very costly machines and tools which are also used in other projects and are not accessible in all periods of time of a project. In other words, there is a dictated ready date as well as a d...

Energy efficiency and reliability are widely understood to be one of the dominant considerations for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). In this paper, in order to maintain energy efficiency and reliability in a UWSN, Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) is adopted that is a combination of three techniques of geo-routing, multi-path routing, and Duty-Cycle mechanism. In the proposed alg...

Ad hoc networks are the infrastructure-less wireless network in which there is no central access point. MANETs are the ad hoc networks in which nodes are mobile. Due to continuous mobility of nodes, topology is highly dynamic and unpredictable. Due to mobility of nodes probability of link failure is high as nodes can move away from the active path and remains no longer accessible. Local route r...