Environmental allergen sources such as house dust mites contain proteases, which are frequently allergens themselves. Inhalation with the exogenous a model of protease allergen, papain, to airways evokes release and activation IL-33, promotes innate adaptive allergic airway inflammation Th2 sensitization in mice. Here, we examine whether epicutaneous (e.c.) vaccination antigens without activity...

Sensitization to cat is a common cause of allergic disease all over the world. Symptoms range from mild rhinoconjunctivitis to potentially life-threatening asthmatic exacerbations. In vivo and in vitro diagnostics of cat allergy is currently based on cat dander extract. As allergen extracts from natural sources are heterogeneous in composition, the allergen content may vary. With the introducti...

Allergen measurements are used extensively in the formulation of allergy diagnostics and vaccines, yet no purified international allergen standards are available for calibration purposes. The aims of the European Union CREATE project were to develop international standards with verifiable allergen content. Purified natural and recombinant allergens were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE, mass spect...

Molecular characterization of allergens by recombinant DNA technology has made rapid progress in the recent few years. In the present study we immunized mice with aluminum hydroxide-adsorbed purified recombinant major timothy grass pollen allergens (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 5), dog albumin, a major animal dander allergen, and proteins with low (beta-lactoglobulin) or no (ribulose diphosphate ...

This Guideline replaces the Note for Guidance on " Allergen products " (CPMP/BWP/243/96). This Guideline lays down the quality recommendations for allergen products of biological origin, including allergen extracts derived from natural source material and allergens produced through recombinant DNA technology, used for specific immunotherapy (SIT) or in vivo diagnosis of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-m...

BACKGROUND We have developed a recombinant B cell epitope-based vaccine (BM32) for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) of grass pollen allergy. The vaccine contains recombinant fusion proteins consisting of allergen-derived peptides and the hepatitis B surface protein domain preS as immunological carrier. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled AIT study to deter...

BACKGROUND Immunological test systems for diagnostics of type I hypersensitivity involve the following types of antigens: whole allergen extracts, individual highly purified proteins and their recombinant analogues. The goal of this study was to compare the results obtained with whole allergen extracts (birch pollen, cat dander, and timothy grass pollen) and their respective recombinant protein...

The years 1988-1995 witnessed the beginning of allergen cloning and the generation of recombinant allergens, which opened up new avenues for the diagnosis and research of human allergic diseases. Most crystal and solution structures of allergens have been obtained using recombinant allergens. Structural information on allergens allows insights into their evolutionary biology, illustrates clinic...

The efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with or without seasonal bronchial asthma and anaphylaxis caused by the sting of the hymenoptera class of insects has been clearly demonstrated in numerous well-designed, placebo-controlled trials. Immunotherapy whether by subcutaneous injection of allergen extract or by oral/sublingual routes modifies peri...

Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) utilize purified native or recombinant allergens to detect IgE sensitivity to individual allergen molecules and have become of growing importance in clinical investigation of IgE-mediated allergies. This overview updates current developments of CRD, including multiarray test systems. Cross-reactions between allergens of known allergen families (i.e. to Bet v...