We first review the nonrelativistic lagrangian theory as a framework for the MOND equation. Obstructions to a relativistic version of it are discussed leading up to TeVeS, a relativistic tensor-vectorscalar field theory which displays both MOND and Newtonian limits. The whys for its particular structure are discussed and its achievements so far are summarized.

A relativistic modified gravity (MOG) called Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity (STVG) desribes a self-consistent, stable gravity theory that contains Einstein’s general relativity in a well-defined limit. The theory has an extra degree of freedom, a vector field called a “phion” field whose curl is a skew symmetric field that couples to matter (“fifth force”). The spacetime geometry is described by ...

The presence of a functional measure is scrutinized on both sides the dual gauge/gravity correspondence. Corrections to transport coefficients in relativistic hydrodynamics are obtained using linear response procedure. In particular, first-order hydrodynamics, shear viscosity, entropy density, diffusion constant, and speed sound shown not acquire any corrections from gravity, for Minkowski back...

Abstract The effective gravitational field equations on and off a 3-brane world possessing a Z2 mirror symmetry and embedded in a five-dimensional bulk spacetime with cosmological constant were derived by Shiromizu, Maeda and Sasaki (SMS) in the framework of the Gauss-Codazzi projective approach with the subsequent specialization to the Gaussian normal coordinates in the neighborhood of the bra...

We define a class of lattice models for two-dimensional topological phases with boundary such that both the bulk and the boundary excitations are gapped. The bulk part is constructed using a unitary tensor category C as in the Levin-Wen model, whereas the boundary is associated with a module category over C. We also consider domain walls (or defect lines) between different bulk phases. A domain...

The cosmology in the Hubble expansion era of the Horava-Witten M-theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold is studied in the reduction to five-dimensions where the effects of the Calabi-Yau man-ifold are summarized by the volume modulus, and all perturbative potentials are included. Matter on the branes are treated as first order perturbations of the static vacuum solution, and all equation...

A generally relativistic theory of thermodynamics is developed, based on four main physical principles: heat is a local form of energy, therefore described by a thermal energy tensor; conservation of mass, equivalent to conservation of heat, or the local first law; entropy is a local current; and non-destruction of entropy, or the local second law. A fluid is defined by the thermostatic energy ...

The cosmology in the Hubble expansion era of the Horava-Witten M-theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold is studied in the reduction to five-dimensions where the effects of the Calabi-Yau man-ifold are summarized by the volume modulus, and all perturbative potentials are included. Matter on the branes are treated as first order perturbations of the static vacuum solution, and all equation...