BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery is often taught with the surgical mentor at the surgeon console and the trainee at the patient's bedside. The da Vinci dual console (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, California) allows a surgical mentor to teach with both the mentor and the trainee working at a surgeon console simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to evaluate th...

In general, it requires lots of complicated and expensive processing functions to find the exact location of a mobile target. For example, Ubiquitous Robotic Companion (URC) system should be equipped with powerful resources or be given an aid from the external servers to find its location for itself. Sensor network that consists of inexpensive low-power sensors can provide an efficient solution...

Definition 1 (compare [2,5,8]) A topological space is called a KC-space provided that each compact set is closed. A topological space is called a U S-space provided that each convergent sequence has a unique limit. Remark 1 Each Hausdorff space (= T 2-space) is a KC-space, each KC-space is a U S-space and each U S-space is a T 1-space (that is, singletons are closed); and no converse implicatio...

An oriented connected closed manifold Mn is called a URC-manifold if for any oriented connected closed manifold Nn of the same dimension there exists a non-zero degree mapping of a finite-fold covering M̂n of Mn onto Nn. This condition is equivalent to the following: For any n-dimensional integral homology class of any topological space X , a multiple of it can be realized as the image of the fu...

Lots of research focuses on the combinatorics behind various bases of cluster algebras. This paper studies the natural basis of a type A cluster algebra, which consists of all cluster monomials. We introduce a new kind of combinatorial formula for the cluster monomials in terms of the so-called globally compatible collections. We give bijective proofs of these formulas by comparing with the wel...

With the advent of pervasive computing environments, the issue related to context-aware middleware is an emerging area of research. We propose proactive services on the basis of CAMUS (Context-Aware Middleware for URC Systems). First, this paper presents the system architecture of CAMUS. CAMUS is a middleware for providing context-aware applications with development and execution methodology. A...

Developing user interfaces is always a challenging task, particularly if the users are elderly or people with special needs. In this paper we summarize the experiences we made during the i2home project regarding the design and development of accessible user interfaces. On the basis of the industry standard URC a middleware platform has been implemented and the concept of pluggable user interfac...

The advent of new crash prevention technologies has made it necessary to develop new methodologies capable of estimating safety benefits before they are introduced in the market. This paper describes the development of one such empirically based methodology for estimating safety benefits. The developed methodology uses detailed engineering descriptions of the crash prevention system performance...

6 Next generation wireless communication systems will consist of a large number of mobile or static terminals and should be 7 able to fulfill multiple requirements depending on the current situation. Low latency and high packet success transmission rates 8 should be mentioned in this context and can be summarized as ultra-reliable communications (URC). Especially for domains 9 like mobile gamin...

We analyze, along the lines of the knowledge compilation map, both the tractability and the succinctness of the propositional language URC-C of unit-refutation complete propositional formulae, as well as its disjunctive closure URC-C[∨, ∃], and a superset of URC-C where variables can be existentially quantified and unitrefutation completeness concerns only consequences built up from free variab...