Acute kidney injury (AKI) previously known as acute renal failure (ARF) has traditionally been defined as the abrupt loss of kidney function resulting in the retention of urea and other nitrogenous waste products and in the dysregulation of extracellular volume and electrolytes. This can occur in the setting of previously normal renal function or in patients with pre-existing renal disease (acu...

Nephropathy is a major contributor to overall morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Early renal changes during diabetes include Na retention and renal hypertrophy. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is elevated during diabetes and is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We tested the hypothesis that TNF contributes to Na retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes. Rats ...

renal response to oral hydralazine therapy in severe heart failure. Circulation 56 (suppl III): 111-9, 1977 33. Birch AA, Boyce WH: Changing renal blood flow following sodium nitroprusside in patients undergoing nephrolithotomy. SUMMARY Hydralazine is known to improve cardiac function in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), but its effects on renal function in CHF are less clear. Sodiu...

purpose post exercise proteinuria and increased urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (ggt) levels can be indicative of exercise-induced renal damage. the aim of this investigation is to study the effect of one session of intensive training on renal damage markers and compare their values to those 6 hours after training. methods in this cross-sectional study with pre- and post-test design, 10 elit...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical presentations. Its early manifestations may not be specific thus proper investigations and diagnosis hindered. Coronavirus (COVID-19), primarily infectious respiratory illness, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that was recently discovered in 2019. We report case newly diagnosed SLE COVID-19 patie...

The measurement of glomerular filtration rate by the clearance of inulin or creatinine has evolved over the past 50 years into an estimated value based solely on plasma creatinine concentration. We have examined some of the misconceptions and misunderstandings of the classification of renal disease and its course, which have followed this evolution. Furthermore, renal plasma flow and tubular fu...

When renal failure develops, uraemic retention solutes are retained which are normally excreted by the healthy kidneys. If these retention solutes exert biochemicalu biological activity, they are called uraemic toxins. According to their physico-chemical characteristics, they can be subdivided into [1]: (i) small water-soluble compounds (-500 Da, prototype urea); (ii) the larger so-called middl...