objective: to compare the efficacy of emla cream and lidocaine injection to reduce pain during episiotomy repair. materials and methods: a total of 46 primiparous women with normal pregnancy who referred for normal vaginal delivery and needed episiotomy repair were selected and randomly divided into two groups. for emla group, one hour before the estimated time of delivery, 5g of emla cream was...

abstract traumatic rupture of the distal biceps tendon is rare. conservative treatment can result in reduced flexion and supination power with reduced function. this case report emphasizes the need for prompt surgical treatment and describes the possible complications of delayed surgical intervention.

tooth pulpal nerves include sympathetic and sensory nerves that originate from trigeminal ganglion .from the terminal of these sensory nerves neuropeptides are secreted that are neuromodulators and neurotransmitters. one of them is cgrp (calcitonin gene-related protein) which has a vasodilatory effect on pulpal vessels. near abscess and moderate injuries, this neuropeptide can lead to neural fi...

Mycotic aortic aneurysms account for 1–3% of all aortic aneurysms. The management of this disease is controversial. Since open surgical repair is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, endovascular aneurysm repair is an alternative treatment method with promising early and midterm outcomes, although its long-term durability is unknown.Secondary aortoenteric fistulas may occur iatro...

mycotic aortic aneurysms account for 1–3% of all aortic aneurysms. the management of this disease is controversial. since open surgical repair is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, endovascular aneurysm repair is an alternative treatment method with promising early and midterm outcomes, although its long-term durability is unknown. secondary aortoenteric fistulas may occur iatr...

With the evolution of technology, the maintenance of sophisticated systems is of concern for system engineers and system designers. The maintenance cost of the system depends in general on the replacement and repair policies. The system replacement may be in a strictly periodic fashion or on a random basis depending upon the maintenance policy. At failure, the repair of the system may be perfor...

this paper studies an m/g/1 repairable queueing system with multiple vacations and n-policy, in which the service station is subject to occasional random breakdowns. when the service station breaks down, it is repaired by a repair facility. moreover, the repair facility may fail during the repair period of the service station. the failed repair facility resumes repair after completion of its re...

In this study, the effect of repair on fatigue life of tubular joints is investigated. Six cracked specimens precedently subjected to fatigue loading undergone to weld repair. Two of those specimens were shot peened before primary fatigue loading.  It is shown that repair gives rise to about 150% increase in fatigue life for original specimens while the increase of fatigue life for shot-peened ...

objectives: composite repair is a minimally invasive and conservative approach. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an additional hydrophobic resin layer on the repair shear bond strength of a silorane-based composite repaired with silorane or methacrylate-based composite. materials and methods: sixty bar-shaped composite blocks were fabricated and stored in saline for 72 hours. the surf...

farm machinery managers often need to make complex economic decisions on machinery replacement. repair and maintenance costs can have significant impacts on this economic decision. the farm manager must be able to predict farm machinery repair and maintenance costs. this study aimed to identify a regression model that can adequately represent the repair and maintenance costs in terms of machine...