Long-term lamivudine (LMV) treatment of chronic hepatitis B almost inevitably engenders viral resistance. Mutations that result in the replacement of the methionine at position 204 of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate-binding site of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (rt) by isoleucine, valine, or (rarely) serine (rtM204I/V/S) confer high-level resistance to LMV but reduce replic...

Postreplicative maintenance of genomic methylation patterns was proposed to depend largely on the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) to PCNA, a core component of the replication machinery. We investigated how the slow and discontinuous DNA methylation could be mechanistically linked with fast and processive DNA replication. Using photobleaching and quantitative live cell imaging we show...

Like the biological clock in the body, replication of each cell type (even different cells of the same organism) follows a timing program. Abnormal function of this timer could be an alarm for a disease like cancer. DNA replication starts from a specific point on the chromosome that is called the origin of replication. In contrast to prokaryotes in which DNA replication starts from a single ...

Initiation of eukaryotic DNA synthesis occurs at origins of replication that are utilized with characteristic times and frequencies during S phase. We have investigated origin usage by evaluating the kinetics of replication factor binding in fission yeast and show that similar to metazoa, ORC binding is periodic during the cell cycle, increasing during mitosis and peaking at M/G1. At an origin,...

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites, or abasic sites, which are a common type of endogenous DNA damage, can forge interstrand DNA-DNA cross-links via reaction with the exocyclic amino group on a nearby 2΄-deoxyguanosine or 2΄-deoxyadenosine in the opposite strand. Here, we utilized a shuttle vector method to examine the efficiency and fidelity with which a reduced dG-AP cross-link-containing plasm...

Life is based on replication and evolution. But replication cannot be taken for granted. We must ask what there was prior to replication and evolution. How does evolution begin? We have proposed prelife as a generative system that produces information and diversity in the absence of replication. We model prelife as a binary soup of active monomers that form random polymers. 'Prevolutionary' dyn...

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology uses many nodes in a network for transformation of data. Detecting and monitor of the node is very difficult in distributed network and form a node replication attacks in a mobile sensor network .To detect the node replication attacks in mobile sensor networks using two localized algorithms, XED and EDD. Our proposed algorithm can resist node replication...

We determined the effects of chromatin structure on template accessibility to replication factors and used three different templates as substrates for simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication in vitro: native and salt-treated SV40 minichromosomes and protein-free SV40 DNA. Native minichromosomes contain histone H1 and numerous nonhistone proteins in addition to the core histones, whereas salt-tre...