Unequal crossover has long been suspected to play a role in the germline-specific instability of tandem-repeat DNA, but little information exists on the dynamics and processes of unequal exchange. We have therefore characterized new length alleles associated with flanking-marker exchange at the highly unstable human minisatellite CEB1, which mutates in the male germline by a complex process oft...

This paper applies genetic optimization with an adaptive penalty function to the shapeconstrained unequal area facility layout problem. We implement a genetic search for unequal area facility layout, and show how optimal solutions are affected by constraints on permitted department shapes, as specified by a maximum allowable aspect ratio for each department. We show how an adaptive penalty func...

the ideological discourse analysis and critical studies in social and human sciences have been of much interest recently. critical discourse analysis (cda) aims at discovering the negative influences of language use on the production and reproduction of power and domination relationships in society. thus, social inequalities such as race, age, religious, gender and class discrimination have bee...