Drug administration via mucosal membranes, including the vaginal, has the advantage of by passing the hepatogastrointestinal first pass metabolism associated with oral administration. Metronidazole suppositories were prepared using different suppository bases viz., water soluble bases ( PEGs and gelatin ) emulsion and fatty bases. The physicochemical properties of most of the prepared MTZ suppo...

The wastewater generated from pharmaceutical industry generally contain high organic load and the treatment is primarily carried out using two major types of biological methods; aerobic and anaerobic. However, due to high strength, it is infeasible to treat some pharmaceutical wastewater using aerobic biological processes. As an alternative, an anaerobic process is preferred to remove high stre...

A total of 196 schools participated in the Tier 1 Program (Secondary 2 curriculum) of the Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong. After the completion of the program, 1,178 instructors completed a subjective outcome evaluation form to assess their views of the program, instructors and perceived effectiveness of the program. Results showed that high proportions of the instructors had positive perceptio...

Earthworms are able to protect themselves against invading microorganisms through their immune systems. Although there are many studies about defense systems of Dendrobaena veneta, this is the first report focusing on the immune properties of earthworms belonging to the same species, which live in different localities. Thus, it was aimed to compare antibacterial and hemolytic activities of eart...

The creation of a literary biography requires an awareness both of how we construct what we believe we ‘know’ about a writer, and how the stories we adopt change our reading of their works. Research into the sources used to construct Marlowe’s and Shakespeare’s biographies supports the conclusion that when writers can no longer create their own stories, those created about them are necessarily ...

Liposomes, which are biodegradable and essentially non-toxic vehicles, can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, and are utilized as drug carriers in drug delivery systems. Stealth liposomes are surface modified liposomes in which PEG units are attached to the outer surface of liposome units, so that they can escape the opsonization effect in the blood, which is a major cause ...

(2003). Central-pair-linked regulation of microtubule sliding by calcium in flagellar axonemes. We apologise for two errors in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1A and Fig. 1C the concentration of ATP should be 20 µM not 20 M. The correct figure is shown below.

The concerned study reveals the anti-diabetic effect of Gymnema sylvestre in control of blood glucose level in Alloxan induced Diabetic rats. The recent studies shows the active constituent is Gymnemic acid a triterpenoid saponin has significant effects on the intestinal absorption of glucose in to the blood and stimulation of b-cells of pancreas in the production of Insulin. Being a traditiona...

Prescribing efficiency of proton pump inhibitors in China: influence and future directions *Wenjie Zeng, Alexander E Finlayson, Sushma Shankar, Winnie de Bruyn , Brian Godman School of Management, Chongqing Jiaotong University, No.66 Xuefu Road, Nan’an District, Chongqing 400074, China. Email: [email protected] Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Email: alexanderfinlayson...

The following errors occur in this paper. All instances of " JIP " alone should read " JNK-interacting protein " , whereas " JIP1 " refers specifi cally to the JIP family protein also known as MAPK8IP1. The legend for Fig. 9 B should read as follows: " (B) Total neurite length refers to the combined length of processes from a given cell. Means ± SEM from 4–8 experimental sets are shown (*, P < ...