In 2006, the World Health Organization issued a position statement promoting the use of indoor residual spraying (IRS) with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) for malaria vector control in epidemic and endemic areas. Other international organizations concurred because of the great burden of malaria and the relative ineffectiveness of current treatment and control strategies. Although the Sto...

Rectal cancer is a major health problem around the world, representing about one-third of the total colorectal cancer cases. Because of its anatomical location, there is a higher risk of local recurrence, and treatment often requires a complex multidisciplinary approach which includes neoadjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a radical surgical procedure that commonly leads to a permanent col...

BACKGROUND Guidelines from the U.S. National Comprehensive Cancer Network have recommended use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), followed by a 3-cycles combination of platinum and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy as standard treatment for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The benefits of CCRT for treatment of locally advanced NPC have been established. Whether platinum and 5-fluorouracil chemoth...

Neoadjuvant therapy may provide advantages to some women with primary operable breast cancer. Compared to the administration of the same regimen in the adjuvant setting, neoadjuvant chemotherapy does not improve survival outcomes, but may provide other benefits. Neoadjuvant therapy is associated with improved rates of breast-conserving therapy, may offer prognostic information, and enables asse...

This paper discusses the current problems of assessing the pipeline integrity from an identification of the causal factors associated to various pipeline failure mechanisms and damages, such as corrosion, SCC, buckling, soil movement, and fatigue. The paper explains, furthermore, how emerging applications of Neutron Diffraction and Small Angle Neutron Scattering techniques can be carried out to...

BACKGROUND Harnessing the immune response in treating breast cancer would potentially offer a less toxic, more targeted approach to eradicating residual disease. Breast cancer vaccines are being developed to effectively train cytotoxic T cells to recognize and kill transformed cells while sparing normal ones. However, achieving this goal has been problematic due to the ability of established ca...

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Dialysis is not the ideal renal replacement therapy because it does not fully restore all kidney functions. Increasing evidence suggests that preservation of residual renal function is associated with a survival benefit, a decrease in morbidity, better nutrition, a lower level of inflammatory markers, an improved quality of life, and cost savings by obviating the need for more peritoneal dialys...