Mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever take a large toll on global health. The primary chemical agents used for controlling mosquitoes are insecticides that target the nervous system. However, the emergence of resistance in mosquito populations is reducing the efficacy of available insecticides. The development of new insecticides is therefore urgent. Here we show that VU573, ...

background: malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in many tropical countries all over the world. because of the widespread use of pyrethroid insecticide treated mosquito nets in the world, the effects of excito-repellency (er) phenomenon of pyrethroids against main malaria vector, anopheles stephensi were studied. methods: the er phenomenon of three concentrations of two synthetic ...

BACKGROUND The effectiveness of insecticide treated nets is under threat across Africa south of the Sahara from the selection of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. To maintain progress against malaria it is necessary to identify alternative residual insecticides for mosquito nets. Mixtures of pyrethroid and insecticides with novel mode of action provide scope for both improv...

Selection of insensitive acetycholinesterase 1 (AChE1) has occurred in several mosquito species controlled with carbamate (CX) and organophosphate (OP) insecticides. In case of pyrethroid resistance, these insecticides represent an alternative for disease vector control program. Their heavy use in agriculture has selected resistant populations of Anopheles gambiae in West Africa. The evolution ...

BACKGROUND Mosquitoes have developed resistance against pyrethroids, the only class of insecticides approved for use on long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the pyrethroid synergist PermaNet® 3.0 LLIN versus the pyrethroid-only PermaNet® 2.0 LLIN, in an East African hut design in Lower Moshi, northern Tanzania. In this setting, resistance ...

Owing to the spread of pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Diptera: Culicidae) and other vector mosquitoes, there is an urgent need to develop alternative insecticides to supplement the pyrethroids for malaria control. Indoxacarb is an oxadiazine insecticide initially commercialized by DuPont for control of agricultural pests. Performance against An. gambiae bearing kdr (pyrethroid...

Although insecticides play a crucial role in malaria control programs, this strategy is threatened by the development of resistance in the vectors to commonly used public health insecticides. Due to their known efficacy and lower toxicity to humans and non-target organisms, pyrethroids have been used in many vector control projects. In West Africa, pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vec...

Agricultural use of insecticides is involved in the selection of resistance to these compounds in field populations of mosquitoes in Burkina Faso. Anopheles gambiae s.l. was resistant to permethrin and DDT in cotton-growing and urban areas, but susceptible in areas with limited insecticide selection pressure (rice fields and control areas). Nevertheless, resistance to these insecticides was obs...

BACKGROUND The irritant effect of some insecticides can cause a proportion of mosquitoes to leave the sprayed rooms before acquiring a lethal dose, so the repeated contact al sub-lethal dose may lead to extent the resistance. METHODS Larvae and pupae of Culex pipiens complex were collected in mass from open canals of waste water in capital city Tehran and reared to obtain the first generation...

background : mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of death every year. vector control is facing a threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. nine different locally available medicinally important plants suspected to posse larvicidal property w...