Introduction. Costing evidence is essential for policy makers for priority setting and resource allocation. It is in this context that the clinical trials of ARVs and cotrimoxazole provided a costing component to provide evidence for budgeting and resource needs alongside the clinical efficacy studies. Methods. A micro based costing approach was adopted, using case record forms for maintaining ...

An important application of resource analysis is to improve the performance of parallel and distributed programs. In this context key resources are time, space and communication. Given the spectrum of cost models and associated analysis techniques, what combination should be selected for a specific parallel or distributed context? We address the question as follows. We outline a continuum of co...

A behavioral measure of approach (performance on a resource gathering task) in combination with sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity was used to predict substance use in a sample of young adults (n=93). Pre-ejection period reactivity (PEP-R), a cardiac index of SNS reactivity, was recorded during the resource gathering task (task PEP - resting PEP). Higher levels of approach behaviors on...

Current cycle-based disk IO schedulers for multi-bitrate streaming servers are unable to avoid the formation of virtual bottlenecks. We term a bottleneck as virtual when it occurs within a single resource subsystem, and it is possible to use a secondary under-utilized resource to thwart the bottleneck. We present stream combination, an IO scheduling technique that addresses this problem. Stream...

The focus of the blog distillation task is finding blogs with a principle, recurring interest in a specific topic. For this task, we considered a blog as a collection of postings and used resource selection approaches. Further, we investigated techniques that penalized general blogs and combined resource selection techniques. This combination demonstrated significant improvements over baselines.

In this paper we investigate scheduling problems with a deteriorating and resource-dependent maintenance activity on a single machine. The duration of the maintenance is assumed to be dependent both on its starting time and on the resource allocated to it. The objective is determining the job sequence, the position to perform a maintenance activity and the amount of additional resource allocate...

As the occurrence of failure of electronic resources is sudden, real-time record analysis on the effectiveness of all resources in the system can discover abnormal resources earlier and start using backup resources or restructure resources in time, thus managing abnormal situations and finally realizing health management of the system. This paper proposed an algorithm: MFPattern, for mining fre...

Dynamic and elastic resource allocation to Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) in accordance with varying workloads is a must for realizing promised reductions in capital and operational expenses in Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). However, workload heterogeneity and complex relationships between resources allocated to a VNF and the resulting capacity makes elastic resource flexing a challe...

considering great medicinal value of hyssopus officinalis l. and possibility of its mass production through in vitro culture, two individual experiments was conducted. effect of various concentrations (0, 2.2, 4.4 and 11 µmol) of tdz and bap in combination with 1 µmol of iaa on direct regeneration from nodal explants were assessed. significant difference between treatments was observed (p≤ 0.01...

population’s exponential growth along with drought has increased water resources limitation, especially in arid and semi-arid area. therefore, the use of non-conventional water is an important tool for water resource management. if unconventional water has no negative impact on soil properties and water, it can be used for irrigation coupled with desertification projects. so, this paper tries t...