Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of cancer. Molecular markers papillary including BRAFT1799A mutation, RET/PTC1,3 rearrangements, and differentially expressed SFTPB (up-regulated) TFF3 (down-regulated) genes were prospectively assessed in FNAB (fine needle aspiration biopsy) material from nodules. We examined 73 cases, them 59 PTC (papillary carcinoma), five nodular goi...

Point mutations in BRAF are genetic hallmarks of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this retrospective study, we examined thyroid aspirates and corresponding paraffin-embedded surgical samples for the presence of BRAF mutations. Altogether, we examined 96 cases, including 69 PTCs, 19 follicular adenomas, and eight nontoxic nodular goiters for BRAF; 60 of these samples were also examined for ...

BACKGROUND Since ret/PTC gene rearrangements are specific to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the diagnosis of Hürthle cell PTC (HCPTC) has recently been expanded to include a subset of Hürthle cell tumors (HCTs) that may lack both papillary architecture and/or classic nuclear features but that harbor a ret/PTC gene rearrangement. We hypothesize that such HCPTCs behave in a fashion analogous ...

Chromosomal rearrangements of the RET proto-oncogene (RET/PTC) are the common feature of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this study, we report the identification, cloning, and functional characterization of a novel type of RET/PTC rearrangement that results from the fusion of the 3'-portion of RET coding for the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the receptor to the 5'-portion of the Homo sap...

RET/PTC rearrangements are one of the genetic hallmarks of papillary thyroid carcinomas. RET/PTC oncoproteins lack extracellular or transmembrane domains, and activation takes place through constitutive dimerization mediated through coiled-coil motifs in the NH(2) terminus of the chimeric protein. Based on the observation that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor PKI166 ...

Molecular genetic aberrations and the related phenotypes were investigated in 191 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) from patients exposed at young age to radioiodine released from the Chernobyl reactor. A high prevalence of RET gene rearrangements (62.3%) with a significant predominance of ELE1/RET (PTC3) over H4/RET (PTC1) rearrangements was found in PTCs of the first post-Chernobyl decade. ...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is a heterogenous disorder characterized by unique gene rearrangements and gene mutations that activate signaling pathways responsible for cellular transformation, survival, and antiapoptosis. Activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and its downstream signaling pathways appears to be an important event in thyroid tumorigenesis. In this study, we found that the thy...

In recent years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the genetic bases promoting tumorigenesis in various human neoplasms. Constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is a major event in the carcinogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most prevalent endocrine malignancy. Affected elements include RET/PTC rearrangements and ...

Thyroid cancer is a frequent endocrine related malignancy with continuous increasing incidence. There has been moving development in understanding its molecular pathogenesis recently mainly through the explanation of the original role of several key signaling pathways and related molecular distributors. Central to these mechanisms are the genetic and epigenetic alterations in these pathways, su...

BACKGROUND RET proto-oncogene rearrangements (RET/PTC) are causative events in the pathogenesis of a subset of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The prevalence of RET/PTC varies in different countries and according to specific clinical features: it is higher after radiation exposure and it is claimed to be higher in young patients. Conflicting results are reported regarding the prognostic role of...