In practice, the supplier often offers the retailers a trade credit period M and the retailer in turn provides a trade credit period N to her/his customer to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. From the retailer’s perspective, granting trade credit not only increases sales and revenue but also increases opportunity cost (i.e., the capital opportunity loss during credit period) and defau...

This paper proposes an improved approach to our previous work [11]. [11] uses Stackelberg game to model the interactions between electricity retailer and its customers and genetic algorithms are used to obtain the Stackelberg Equilibrium (SE). In this paper, we propose a bi-level programming model by considering benefits of the electricity retailer (utility company) and its customer. In the upp...

This paper outlines the quality inspection strategies in a supplier–buyer supply chain under a customer return policy. This paper primarily focuses on product quality and quality inspection techniques to maximize the actors’ and supply chain’s profits using game theory approach. The supplier–buyer setup is described in terms of textile manufacturer–retailer supply chain where quality inspection...

one effective method for improving the performance of supply chain is making coordination among members of supply chain. this paper studies the subject of coordination of supply chain by using an insurance contract. the supply chain consists of one-manufacturer and one-retailer that the retailer is faced with potential demand and returning of goods from customer. acceptance of goods returned is...

Given increased global competition and consumers’ increasing price sensitivity, apparel retailers such as J. C. Penney have begun to focus on quick response and cycle time reduction as part of their overall business strategy. Extensive use of interorganizational linkages with major suppliers has become a key component in designing more effective, responsive strategies to meet changing corporate...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the retailer’s inventory policy under two levels of trade credit to reflect the supply chain management situation. In this paper, we assume that the retailer has the powerful decision-making right. So, we extend the assumption that the retailer can obtain the full trade credit offered by the supplier and the retailer just offers the partial trade...

Many information intensive service firms deliver services through a mix of internally delivered (i.e., insourced) and externally delivered (i.e., outsourced) service process components. We examine data on top e-retailers. We expect outsourcing levels may moderate the impact of customer traffic upon e-retailer operating outcomes. We first examine drivers of the e-retailers’ propensity to increas...

Based on customer cognitive, affective and conative experiences in Internet online shopping, this study, from customers’ perspectives, develops a conceptual framework for e-CRM to explain the psychological process that customers maintain a long-term exchange relationship with specific online retailer. The conceptual framework proposes a series of causal linkages among the key variables affectin...

Westudy a dual-channel supply chain under decentralized setting in which manufacturer sells to retailer and to customers directly usingan online channel. A customer chooses the purchase-channel based on price and service quality. Also, to buy product from the retail store, the customer incurs a transportation cost influenced by the fluctuating gasoline cost. Both companies are under the revenue...