Vigabatrin is an effective antiepileptic drug (AED) typically used in the treatment of refractory partial seizures and infantile spasms. Its use, however, is limited due to the concern of retinal toxicity and subsequent visual field defects. Herewith in we describe a case of vigabatrin toxicity that illustrates electroretinographic (ERG) changes occur before imaging and visual field deteriorati...

The aim of this study is to report a rare case of macular edema as a presentation of hydroxychloroquine-related retinal toxicity. We presented a case of a 46-year-old female patient using hydroxychloroquine for underlying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with blurred vision over the left eye. Uveitis and macular edema were found initially. Systemic survey did not reveal any other etiology. Topical cor...

AIMS Retinal pharmacotherapy has gained great importance for the treatment of various retinal diseases. An increasing number of drugs have been constantly released into the market, especially for wet age-related macular disease and diabetic macular edema. In this review, the issues concerning the toxicity of current and new classes of drugs are discussed. METHODS An extensive search of the li...

Preclinical toxicity screening of the new retinal compounds is an absolute requirement in the pathway of further drug development. Since retinal neuron cultivation and in vivo studies are relatively expensive and time consuming, we aimed to create a fast and reproducible ex vivo system for retinal toxicity screening. For this purpose, we used rat retinal explant culture that was retrogradely la...