Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea after septoplasty is a known entity resulting from errors in surgical technique and improper handling of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. When these occur, urgent management is necessary to prevent deleterious sequelae such as meningitis, intracranial abscess, and pneumocephalus. Encephaloceles are rare occurrences characterized by ...

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the result of an osseous defect at the skull base coupled with a disruption of the dura mater and arachnoid with a resultant pressure gradient leading to the CSF leak. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a potentially dangerous condition as the risk of intracranial infection is increased if it persists. Therefore, accurate preoperative localization of...

Spotaneous or non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is an uncommon condition and may present a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. This condition is often being misdiagnosed for allergic rhintis or chronic sinusitis since the precipitating cause is not readily apperent in most patients. The mechanism of rhinorrhea is stil not completely clarified. We describe a case of this condition occ...

Lateral medullary infarction, known as Wallenberg syndrome, can be accompanied by sympathetic dysfunction. We report a case of unilateral intermittent rhinorrhea that started after an ischemic stroke in the ipsilateral lateral medulla and cerebellum. Rhinorrhea might be mediated by dysfunction of the sympathetic autonomic system.

Background: In recent years, many techniques for endoscopic closure of CSF leaks have been described and almost completely replaced the more traumatic transcranial and extracranial procedures. Aim of work: To evaluate endoscopic endonasal multilayer repair of CSF rhinorrhea of anterior and middle cranial fossae utilizing the vascularized middle turbinate rotational flap. Patients and methods: T...

OBJECTIVES This study aims to identify clinical case definitions of influenza with higher accuracy in patients stratified by age group and influenza activity using hospital-based surveillance system. METHODS In seven tertiary hospitals across South Korea during 2011-2012 influenza season, respiratory specimens were obtained from patients presenting an influenza-like illness (ILI), defined as ...

Dear Editor, Sepsis and meningitis due to group B streptococcus (GBS) predominantly occur in the first week of life. However, such invasive infections have been increasing among adults, especially in patients with underlying medical conditions.1,2 Here, we present the first documented case of GBS meningitis as the initial clinical manifestation of recurrent pituitary adenoma. A 55-year-old woma...