A dinoflagellate identified as Prorocentrum dentatum, P. shikokuense or donghaiense is responsible of massive harmful events. Blooms a species have been recently reported in the Mediterranean Sea, and an exotic origin, tentatively introduced by ballast waters from Asia, has hypothesized. The molecular data based on small-, large subunit, internal transcriber spacers ribosomal RNA gene (SSU-, LS...

Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was investigated for the differentiation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. Analysis using Taxotron revealed 10 distinct AFLP profiles among 57 isolates. Strains with ribotype patterns D1, D4, and D12 could not be distinguished; however, the technique discriminated isolates of ribotype patterns D3, D6, and D7 further. AFLP was rapid, fairly in...

Increasing rates of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) have been reported from North America since 2003. This increase is associated with the emergence and spread of a particular strain of C. difficile characterised as PCR ribotype 027 or pulsotype NAP1. This epidemic strain produces toxins A and B and the binary toxin, is resistant to erythromycin and the newer fluoroquinolones, a...

pasteurella multocida is considered to be an important cause of ovine pneumonia and results causes considerable economic losses in iran. ribotyping pcr (ribo-pcr) was used for investigating the diversity of ovine and caprine p.multocida. a total of 120 swab tonsil and nasal samples were obtained from sheep and goats. they were analyzed by biochemical tests and ribo-pcr 16s-23s ribosomal rna gen...

Nylon-3 polymers (poly-β-peptides) have been investigated as synthetic mimics of host-defense peptides in recent years. These polymers are attractive because they are much easier to synthesize than are the peptides themselves, and the polymers resist proteolysis. Here we describe in vitro analysis of selected nylon-3 copolymers against Clostridium difficile, an important nosocomial pathogen tha...

The aim of this study was to characterise and compare Pasteurella multocida isolates originating from pigs (n = 43), calves (n = 31), rabbits (n = 27), and to a lesser extent from other hosts (n = 6). A total of 107 P. multocida isolates were obtained from various locations in the Czech Republic. They were analysed by capsular PCR typing and ribotyping, and tested for the production of dermonec...

INTRODUCTION Little is known about prevailing ribotypes of Clostridium difficile infection in Romania where CDI is not a mandatory notifiable disease. METHODOLOGY We studied 64 non-duplicate C. difficile isolates from patients hospitalised at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania between March 2011 and March 2012. RESULTS Sixty-three of the 64 C. difficile isolat...

We compared multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and macrorestriction endonuclease analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine their utility to identify clusters of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among 91 isolates of PCR ribotype 027 (NAP1, for North American pulsed-field type 1) from nine hospitals (and 10 general practitioners associated with...

We have developed a Clostridium difficile PCR ribotyping method based on capillary gel electrophoresis and have compared it with conventional PCR ribotyping. A total of 146 C. difficile isolates were studied: five isolates were reference strains (PCR ribotypes 001, 014, 017, 027 and 053); 141 were clinical isolates comprising 39 Austrian PCR ribotypes collected in the period 2006-2007 at 25 Aus...

BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile is a leading infectious cause of health care associated diarrhoea. Several industrialised countries have reported increased C. difficile infections and outbreaks, which have been attributed to the emergent PCR ribotype 027 strain. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a case-case study to compare severity of C. difficile disease for patients with 027 versus non-02...